Interhalogen

An Inter halogen compound (Latin inter = between ), also called short inter-halogen, is a chemical compound of two different halogens with each other. The existing inter-halogen compounds are very reactive under normal conditions.

Main Features

Wherein the inter-halogen compounds, a more electropositive is a halogen X, a compound with an electronegative halogen Y. This XY3, XY5 and XY7 enter the types XY on. The halogen X is here, accordingly, the oxidation states 1, 3, 5 and 7. The inter halogens are highly reactive oxidant and can transfer halogens. The further the two halogens X and Y are away from each other in the seventh group of the periodic system, the higher is the tendency of the ionic decomposition. The physical and chemical properties most similar to those of the elemental halogens, of which they consist. All inter-halogen compounds are produced by direct reaction of the two halogens, and the resulting product is determined by the proportions of the reactants.

Compounds

• XY type (eg: iodine fluoride ) are all possible combinations known. All other connections are - with the exception of ICl3 and IBr3 - fluorine compounds, because the electronegativity difference is not large enough and otherwise impede halogens with larger atomic radius than fluorine each other.
• The trihalides XY3 are arranged T-shaped. Were isolated trichloride ( ICl3 ), chlorine trifluoride ( ClF 3 ), bromine trifluoride ( BrF 3 ) and Iodtrifluorid ( IF3 ). From trichloride ICl3 also the dimer I2Cl6 is known. Also the existence of Iodtribromid is known.
• The pentahalides XY5 iodine pentafluoride ( IF5 ), bromine pentafluoride ( BrF5 ) and chlorine pentafluoride ( ClF5 ) have the geometry of square pyramids.
• The only known stable Heptahalogenid Iodheptafluorid ( IF7 ) has the structure of a pentagonal bipyramid.
• Also known are numerous Interhalogenid anions having three, five or seven participating halogen atoms (e.g., IBr2, BrF6 or IF6 ). Less common, but can be isolated in stable compounds, Interhalogenid cations are (for example ICL2 ).
• In a broader sense, combinations of halogens and pseudo- halogens can be counted among the Inter halogens.

None of inter-halogen compound is a d- orbital is hybridized. Rather, the fluorine atoms store ( at ICl3 the chlorine atoms ) to free, unhybridized p orbitals, and form a four-electron three - center bond, consistent with the octet rule.

Survey

Representation and use

The inter halogens are made from the respective elements. Many compounds are specifically used as a halogenating agent as the fluorinating agent. Halogen fluorides are weaker fluorinating as elemental fluorine, ClF 3 and BrF 3 Trifluoride the show, however, a greater reaction rate.

Inter- halogen fluorides are employed in the production of uranium hexafluoride which is used for uranium enrichment. However, there are also other methods of preparation.