International Council for the Exploration of the Sea

The International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES, German: International Council for the Exploration of the Sea ) was obtained from eight European countries founded on July 22, 1902 in Copenhagen: Denmark, Finland, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Russia and the UK. First President of the Council 1902-1908 was the German Walther Herwig.

Today, the ICES is one of 20 member states. After the eight founding countries of the Belgium, Canada, Estonia, France, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Spain and the U.S.. In addition, six countries have observer status: Australia, Chile, Greece, New Zealand, Peru and South Africa. The aim of ICES in the early years was the scientific work at all practical problems of fishing. Today, 110 species of fish are scientifically monitored and researched their portfolio development. Furthermore, the Council is to serve as an interdisciplinary forum for all issues of marine research.

Work

Over time, ICES has developed into a modern intergovernmental organization which primarily focuses on marine research in the North Atlantic and in the North and Baltic Seas. 2006 - 2012 was with Gerd Hubold a German marine and fisheries biologist General Secretary of ICES. Today the organization has more than 100 ICES coordinated Expert Groups in various scientific institutions, which cover almost all aspects of marine ecosystems.

List of Presidents

  • Walther Herwig, Germany (1902-1908)
  • W. E. Archer, Great Britain (1908-1912)
  • F. Rose, Germany (1912-1915)
  • Otto Pettersson, Sweden (1915-1920)
  • Henry G. Maurice, United Kingdom (1920-1938)
  • Johan Hjort, Norway (1938-1948)
  • K. A. Andersson, Sweden (1948-1952)
  • A. T. A. Dobson, United Kingdom (1952-1955)
  • Harald Ulrik Sverdrup, Norway (1955-1957)
  • Å. Vedel Tåning, Denmark (1957-1958)
  • J. Furnestin, France (1958-1963)
  • J. Hult, Sweden (1963-1966)
  • A. E. J. Went, Ireland (1966-1969)
  • W. Cieglewicz, Poland (1969-1972)
  • R. Letaconnoux, France (1972-1975)
  • Georgi Vasilyevich Nikolsky, USSR (1975-1976)
  • B. B. Parrish, United Kingdom (1976-1979)
  • God Help Hempel, West Germany (1979-1982)
  • W. S. Wooster, USA (1982-1985)
  • O. J. Østvedt, Norway (1985-1988)
  • Jakob Jakobsson, Iceland (1988-1991)
  • D. de G. Griffith, Ireland (1991-1994)
  • A. Maucorps, France (1994-1997)
  • L. Scott Parsons, Canada (1997-2000)
  • Pentti Mälkki, Finland (2000-2003)
  • M. P. Sissenwine, USA (2003-2006)
  • Joe Horwood, UK (2006-2009)
  • Michael Sinclair, Canada (2009-2012)

List of Secretaries General

  • Dr. P. P. C. Hoek, The Netherlands (1902-1908)
  • Captain C. F. Drechsel, Denmark (1908-1927)
  • Captain K. Schøning, Denmark (1927-1932)
  • Captain William Nellemose, Denmark (1932-1944)
  • E. Brønniche, Denmark (1944-1945)
  • Dr. H. Blegvad, Denmark (1945-1950)
  • Dr. P. Jespersen, Denmark (1950-1952)
  • V. Dessau, Denmark (1952-1953)
  • Á. Fridriksson, Iceland (1954-1964)
  • H. Tambs - Lyche, Norway (1964-1983)
  • Dr. B. B. Parrish, United Kingdom (1983-1989)
  • Dr. E. D. Anderson, USA (1989-1993)
  • Prof. C. C. E. Hopkins, Norway (1994-1999)
  • D. de G. Griffith, Ireland (2000-2006)
  • Dr. Gerd Hubold, Germany (2006 - 2012)

Credentials

  • Helen M. Rozwadowski: The Sea Knows No Boundaries. A Century of Marine Science under ICES, University of Washington Press, 2002. ISBN 0-295-98259-4
  • A. E. J. Went: Seventy years agrowing. A History of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, 1972
Gotthilf Hempel
414840
de