Intravenous pyelogram

Urography or angiography (Greek οὖρον - urine, Greek γράφω - write ), syn. Pyelography (Greek Πύελος = (renal ) pelvis) are radiology procedures for the representation of the lower urinary tract ( renal pelvis, ureter and urinary bladder ). The recordings made are also called urogram or pyelogram.

The method used for representing the morphology and function of the kidneys and urinary tract and for the detection of outflow disabilities, such as urinary stones. Uratsteine ​​( uric acid stones) stones are radiolucent negative, ie they can not be displayed directly on the radiograph.

In the retrograde urography (developed by Voelcker and von Lichtenberg, Heidelberg 1905) and the voiding cystourethrogram is instilled a contrast agent solution through a urinary catheter into the hollow system. For the so-called intravenous urography, and excretory urography ( first described by Volkmann 1922) about 50 ml of iodinated X-ray contrast agent is injected into an arm vein and followed the excretion in a series of x-rays of the abdomen and pelvis. Depending on the degree of obstruction that lasts between 15 minutes and 24 hours.

The X-ray methods have been greatly reduced by sonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging ( MR). In particular, the cross-sectional imaging CT and MRI can produce images with very similar overall impression, but much higher explanatory power. Sonography and MR urography are radiation -free and therefore often used in pediatric urology.

Sources and References

• R. Hautmann, Hartwig Huland: Urology. Springer DE, January 1, 2006, ISBN 978-3-540-29924-0, pp. 63-9 (accessed on August 12, 2013 ).
• Jürgen Konert, Holger Georg Dietrich: Illustrated History of Urology. Springer DE, 2004, ISBN 978-3-642-18656-1, pp. 201, 206 (accessed 12 August 2013).