Intuition (psychology)

The intuition ( from Latin: intueri ( deponent ), consider, contemplate ', are actually viewed ', hence passive sense of inspiration, capturing unsuspecting; intuitum PPP ) is the ability insights into issues, perspectives, laws or to obtain subjective consistency of decisions without discursive use of reason, ie about without conscious conclusions. The derived from the noun adjective intuition is intuitive. Intuition is a part of creative developments. The development accompanying intellect only executes or checks aware of the results that come from the unconscious. Critical here is to see that love to talk with a positive effect of an (initially not justifiable ) decision of intuition, while you have simply " made ​​a mistake " in the case of failure, and there is just no mechanism to examine the mental processes to respective decision led.

General aspects

General aspects of intuition are:

• A talent to be able to immediately make a good decision without explicitly understand the underlying relationships. Colloquially, "gut " ( "gut feeling" ), spontaneous, often even if certain grounds which suggest a different decision.

• The rapid inspiration moderate insight into relationships and their knowledge without conscious rational derivation or conclusions, as well as the emergence of new inventions and ideas. "Chance meets only the prepared mind " Louis Pasteur said. An example would be the benzene ring discovered in the dream ( as of Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz reported ). A closely related concept is Serendipity.

• The ability characteristics and emotions in a split second unconsciously or consciously complex and instinctive grasp. Developmentally, a setting that has to serve the distinction between friend and enemy (possibly fight or flight response ). Nowadays, a trainable shape perception, the problem areas lie in the differentiation from projections, prejudices and in raising awareness.

• The unconscious reasons for a particular decision.

• The empathy in intrapsychic issues ( empathy).

• Indirectly common sense. Intuition has a close connection with the "inner" logic of the circumstances and with prior experience.

• The brainstorm. A special form of intuition is the Inspiration, unexpectedly, a new thought arises in the.

Differential aspects

Philosophy

In philosophy, the frequent description of the intuition on the polarity pair based intuitive versus discursive. While discursive recognition based on sensory perceptions and build on each other conclusions, intuitive cognition is a spiritual intuition, a transcendental function of man. The aspect have taken up particularly following philosophers:

• Spinoza
• Spruce
• Husserl.

A core concept of Husserl's phenomenology is the so-called essences, which will allow access to the intrinsic structure of an object and can thus abstract from individual differences or random variations. Since the process of direct internal intuition comes closest to Husserl called the thinking process intuition. For him, the justification of science with intuition and the categories of evidence begins.

The phenomenologist Hermann Schmitz referred to intuition as ability to deal with meaningful impressions, by which situations can be holistically understood and dealt with. For Schmitz, intuition is the only human method to deal with meaningful impressions. This view of Schmitz can be seen as a ( phenomenological ) counterpart to the notion of intuition as komplexitätsreduzierendes process in cognition.

In logic, a statement that is true, but certain basic assumptions, just the intuition runs counter is referred to as a paradox. So confused about the Liar Paradox our intuitive understanding of true and false as a polar, unbridgeable. During the discursive- rational ( conscious ) nature of knowledge represents a derived function, the intuitive knowledge has the character of the given. Then especially Spinoza pointed.

Psychology

In the psychology of Carl Gustav Jung 's intuition is one of four basic psychological functions that allows a perception of future developments with all of their options and potential. It is perceived mostly as instinctive sensing or emotional idea. The concrete intuition mediated perceptions concerning the reality of things, however, the abstract intuition conveys the perception of immaterial relationships. When intuitive character - type according to Jung, it often comes to a merger with the collective unconscious.

An old cliché, the intuition is compared to men at significant for women ( " women's intuition "). There are, however, no valid scientific findings. The one where women may be superior to men in this respect, is the rapid perception of emotional states of other people. Some researchers even go as far to say that the brains of women was " calibrated" from birth to empathy (E -brain ), while men interpret the world from the tendency forth more systematically (S -brain ). This thesis is controversial.

In the area of ​​systemic leadership intuition is seen as an essential feature for a qualified management. Only when a leader is in good contact with itself as well as the employees and at the same time can feel the needs of the market, they will succeed. Intuition is seen as a synonym for emotional intelligence.

Cognition

As a basic human skills understood, intuition is the central ability to process information and to respond appropriately with great complexity of the data to be processed. They very often leads to correct or optimal results. There are two different levels of Intuition: The emotional decision and the mind based on intuition ( incubation). The information is processed unconsciously and awareness is "switched on" when the subconscious mind stumbles upon a solution. Intuition does not necessarily mean an immediate solution, often it helps to " sleep on it ".

The modern scientific perspective intuition on the one hand considered critical: She is accused, it could be proved only in a naive way decays and in questioning. Intuition is understood here as a nominal concept, which manifests itself as a cognition is capable of feeling emotion. It can be considered as an escape from the enlightened and reasonable terminology, or overcome them.

On the other hand, suggests new research suggests that with the intuition sometimes - and not least in complex situations - to better decisions than comes with the conscious mind. The theory behind this: The unconscious mind is capable of much more information to be considered as the consciousness which is very accurate, but can cope with only a few information.

In the technical field dealing with intuition is more pragmatic group: for example, ergonomists, designers and software developers strive to operate devices and programs as intuitive as possible, so adapted to the behavior and habits of perception, to give shape to the training period for modern industrial equipment, software and consumer products dramatically shorten, so that the dream of an easier life, despite an increase in performance in some areas quite true. Essential exploiting the intuition is particularly warning messages as a fast and proper response from the user is to be achieved here.