Investor

The investor (also called capital investors or investor ) defines as one of the capital market actors money on the capital market. He invested. Investors are divided into different groups, as they are each different in the market and also pursue other investment strategies.

A subdivision or differentiation of investors can be made according to different criteria:

• 2.1 Strategic Investment
• 2.2 Financial Investment

• 3.1 corporate investments 3.1.1 participation in listed companies
• 3.1.2 Participation in non-listed companies (" private equity " )

Breakdown by investor type

Private investors

Called private investors, including free investors, small investors or retail investors who are "normal" individuals, who often have no knowledge of advanced financial and therefore through, for example, the new Markets in Financial Instruments Directive ( MiFID) legislation shall be protected especially.

Institutional investors

Institutional investors are usually companies like banks, insurance companies, investment companies, public authorities, industrial companies. While generally a private investor invests less sums sporadically, institutional investors often invest large sums of money at regular intervals. Accordingly, institutional investors often have comparatively large experience and knowledge, in particular on the risks of various investment products, so they are subject to less stringent investor protection measures ( in some jurisdictions, such institutional investors are also called qualified institutional investors).

Institutional investors are further divided into the MiFID legislation in professional investors and eligible counterparties. Eligible counterparties are investors who possess the ability to emit plants, ie banks and relevant government agencies. Enjoy almost no protection by the MiFID Directive. The other institutional investors are professional investors. Your level of protection is between the private investors and eligible counterparties. The bank must establish guidelines under which it treats investors and professional investors, and these criteria must comply with the minimum statutory requirements pursuant to § 31a WpHG Section 7. Concrete practice typical conditions are that the investor has a sufficiently high value paper assets ( more than 500,000 EUR ), part typical knowledge ( at least one year working in a relevant profession, or equivalent skills ) owns and sufficient practical trading experience (over the immediately preceding 12 months at least 10 transactions per quarter, each of which has a turnover of at least 25,000 EUR had ). The law knows born and gekorene professional investors. The former are a priori as professional and the Bank must explicitly ask for the higher level of protection of a private investor, if they want to take this claim. The latter, however, must first expressly consent to the classification, before the bank may deprive them of the protection level of a private investor. In particular, individuals can only lose its private investors protection if they have previously consented specifically addressed.

Subdivision by investment motivation

Strategic investment

In the strategic investment ( actor strategic investor ) the focus is on the connection of the capital item with your own business.

Examples:

• Purchase of commodity futures to the production for the future secure.
• Purchase of corporate investments of its own product portfolio to round to expand the customer base, or operational tasks and processes merge (IT, purchasing, production, sales, administration, R & D ) in order to benefit from the associated economy -of -scale effects.

Financial investment

The financial investment ( actor financial investor ) are the current income from the investment property or the expected increase in value gains on a subsequent re- sale of the whole or part of the investment object 's principal investment motivation. Refers to the investment in company shares, then one speaks of a financial investment.

Subdivision according to investment property

Corporate investments

Investment in corporate shares through the acquisition of limited partnership or limited companies, shares or equity funds. Sets the investor his money in shares, so he becomes a shareholder of the respective company.

Investing in listed companies

Investment in non- listed companies ( " private equity " )

The investor purchases here originally significant shares in unlisted companies; the investor was in Germany in the recent past often polemically as " grasshopper " means (see locusts debate ).

Other financial investment properties

Purchase of other securities such as

• Share certificates
• Income securities, such as bonds, notes, debentures, medium term notes, bonds ( in Switzerland: Bonds )
• Warrants or other derivative securities
• Convertible bonds
• Certificates
• Jump.