Irschen

Deer is a municipality in the district of Spittal an der Drau in Carinthia with 2006 inhabitants (as of 1 January 2013).

• 5.1 traffic
• 5.2 Education

• 6.1 City Council and Mayor
• 6.2 Coat of Arms

Geography

Geographical location

Deer is in the upper part of the Drautale, it is the penultimate place in Carinthia before the border to East Tyrol. The municipality is bounded on the north by the Kreuzeckgruppe and in the south of the Gail Valley Alps. Deer 110 km from Klagenfurt, 120 km from Salzburg, 210 km from Innsbruck and 310 km from Vienna.

Community structure

Deer is divided into three cadastral deer, Knight village and Simmerlach. The municipality includes the following 15 places (in brackets population as of 31 October 2011):

• Gloss ( 104)
• Griebitsch (43)
• Gröfelhof (296)
• Back streets (82 )
• Deer (410 )
• Leppen (40 )
• Mötschlach (73)
• Plowing (13 )

• Pölland (81 )
• Potschling (51 )
• Knight village (199 )
• Schörstadt (87)
• Simmerlach (404 )
• Stresweg (123 )
• Weneberg (43)

Neighboring communities

History

From Potschling stone axes and Hallstatt Period Bronze finds are known and occupy a pre-Roman settlement. The topography suggests a hillfort on Trenker Unterbichl, and it may be the Celtic Idunum. It may be assumed that the first contacts of Rome have taken place with the Alpine Celts on a Fürstenhof in deer. The Etruscan and metal Venetian merchants - the copper from the Virgental was particularly in demand - had good relations with the Alps and the Celts will have been paving the way for Rome. About the Plöckenpass the shortest path leads in the Eastern Alps and Italy.

Deer may have been already 805-810 documented as Ursus, Ursus as the Patriarch of Aquileia I. (reigned 802-811 ) could have founded the first church here. A secured first mention of the fortress as a " castrum Ursus " comes from from 1081 bis 1086.

The place name is one of the few deer with Roman origin, it derives perhaps from the personal name Ursus (Latin for bear ) from. Perhaps this goes back to the " dux Ursus ", a Roman commander for the Noricum at the time of Ostgotenherrschaft. With his wife he has Ursina, in fulfillment of a vow, donated the famous mosaic floor in the Cemetery Church of Teurnia (St. Peter in Holz ). Around 500 Virunum was abandoned at the customs field and moved the capital to Teurnia.

Under Ursus it is likely to secure access to Italy, have come in the space deer, establishing the castrum Ursus to strengthen the strategic location. It is likely that the Roman road Via Julia Augusta coming from Gailberg forth in Potschling einmündete the Drau valley and there was a Roman road station. The river and valley crossing was from the castle Unterbichl ( just to the south of the boiler walls Draubrücke ) monitors from. The Romans build there a small barrel-like tower castle of fired clay bricks. During the Lombard rule in northern Italy (6th - 8th century ), the Drava is set as the Italo- Noric border and built a Langobardenfestung at this time at the castle Unterbichl. In relation to the still well-preserved, east resplendent on a rock pillar next to the castle Unterbichl castle stone, the remaining fortress remains were also called old stone. The desire for the strategic and Drava valley crossing in 1252 with Potschling likely motive for the Battle of Greifenburg, between Meinhard III. be, been of Gorizia and Philip of Spanheim. In grasping Burger Urbar 1267 /68 Castle Lemvaessel led - it would be a fitting name for the Roman period plant on the castle Unterbichl.

With the advent of the Counts of Gorizia and the construction of the toll station Oberdrauburg with road connection to Gailbergsattel fell into the street nodes in Potschling and the castrum Ursus. The demarcation Mödritschbach - Drava - Wild grave creek forced the Gorizia time being with a Draubrücke west of the stream, it is still visible in Franziszeischer land to maintain for the construction Gailbergaufstieg a byway ( Rewischgrinne ) of the old Via Iulia Augusta.

In the meantime, part of mining the largest source of income in deer. The mining of gold was followed by the silver, copper, iron and lead mining in Ranach in St. Johann and the Scheinitz. In the time of the - now-defunct due to lack of profitability - metal mining emerged today the municipality of deer associated villages Weneberg, Leppen and back alleys. The Knapp stone described in the community chronicle of Prof. Schnorr stands with the gold mining in context, its origin could come from Celtic times. It is a powerful flat stone ( Tonalitporphyrit ) with mysterious rock carvings. Its location at 2,100 meters above sea level in the valley below the Rotwiland, a tributary Summit Scharnik in Kreuzeckgruppe, among the slag heaps of the old gold mine, can with the mentioned in the ancient historian Polybius Gold Affair " at the Norian Tauris core " related. With the form of a hollow of his hand, he points to the SSW and is even on this, draw attention: Rotwiland - Huber Unterbichl ( suspected prince grave ) - Parish Church - Trenker Unterbichl (polis Idunum? ) - Drauübergang - Castle Unterbichl - Adam head. The recently scientifically examined, inscribed stone slab from Alkuser lake in Ainet / East Tyrol, bears names inscriptions, mostly Volt name, Ursinus, and is first dated to the period until the 3rd century. It is Venetic Celtic name. On the " Knapp stone " there is also the signature volts and deer is derived from Ursus / Ursinus. Whether the two found objects and localities relate to each other, could not yet be clarified.

Church History is found in the walled next to the church entrance early Frankish grave plate ( 6 / 7th century) and the only one in Carinthia patronal feast of St. Dionysius (main saint of the Gauls - bishop of Paris, martyred 250 ), the reference to the post-Roman Frankish supremacy. The time now located in the lobby of Romanesque baptismal font was originally located in the old rectory located under the Baptistery, probably one of the earliest in Carinthia.

The F.G. of Hann in Carinthia in 1895 interpreted as crypt church subspace could have been a Mithraeum - the socialization with the one found by the gravedigger in the surrounding cemetery, bronze coin of Cotys II ( 123/124-132/133 ), King of the Bosporan Kingdom, speaks for. Mithraism was brought in this time of the Roman soldiers from Persia. Probably was in the deer Mithraeum, the pre-Christian place of worship, built over with Christianity and has thus led to the terrain moderately exposed site of the parish church. The legend of the church site will be due, but they can no longer recognize the real historical reference, " flies over " him.

In the original parish we find the church on the very eastern edge of the area in the Drau valley between Mödritschbach / deer and Gödnacherbach at Doelsach. As founder of the Church Willibigis, the daughter of Count Wolfrad of meetings is considered. She brought the west of the Mödritschbach situated portion of the former Lurngau and the castles Ursus, Lengberg and Matrei in marriage with Count Henry III. Lech Gemuend (1145 - 1214) a. Accordingly, the church foundation is likely towards the end of the 12th century ( it is noticeable that the bell tower in the West - so he could have been around the Campanile of an early Christian church, which may be assumed on the basis of found remains of walls in the garden to the former towards the Baptistery, ).

Probably at the same time located castle stone by Count Henry III was compared with the south of the Drava River. (now of the Lech Gemuend and Matrei ) and rebuilt it with a familiar castle care and ministerial ( toll Castle ) occupied. In Konstein / Upper Bavaria, the Count of Lech Gemuend for this time of precious Free Chuno de Lapide ( Kuno von Stein) is cited as a fief holders for the protection of the castle located on a rocky peak. For the stone castle in 1190 Haide Rich de Lapide is named as owner, the parallel shows, probably a relative of the Chuno de Lapide. Probably led the castle reconstruction of Henry III. / " located at Castle Access and now no longer identifiable" to rename to " stone " and it is with the previous system to the untraceable Castle " Lemvaessel ".

The flintlock is for his, designed in a former tower double chapel ( chapel floor ) and the therein vault paintings of originating from the Pusteria painter Simon of Tesido known. The two chapels are the St. Valentine or St. Martin consecrated - both Frankenwäldchen saints. Also worth mentioning is a particularly colorfully drain deed for the castle in stone deer, issued in 1334 in Avignon, - the oldest and most notable among the imaged indulgences of the Provincial Archives Carinthia. The named therein patron saint Pancras corresponds to the previous church - the bridge known as Holy Nepomuk, is found in the nearby chapel to Potschling.

1850 deer constituted as a local church, which was enlarged in 1923 to the village Pflügl.

From the mid 19th century, the first tourist establishments opened in deer, the (summer ) tourism developed until today become an important economic factor in the community (about 55,000 overnight stays per year ).

Population

According to 2001 census deer has 2,080 inhabitants, of which 98.4 % are Austrian citizens. 97.0 % of the population are Roman Catholic and 1.4% for the Protestant Church, 0.5 % have no religious confession.

Culture and sights

• Parish deer
• See also: List of the listed objects in deer

Economy and infrastructure

Traffic

In the south of the municipality connect the Drau Valley road (B 100 / E 66 ) and the railroad in the Drau valley train ( deer ) the municipality with Lienz in the west and Spittal an der Drau in the east.

Education

There are deer in a kindergarten and an elementary school.

Policy

City Council and Mayor

The local council of deer has 19 members and is composed as follows since the municipal elections in 2009 together:

• 8 SPÖ
• 7 ÖVP
• 4 FPK

Directly elected mayors is Gottfried Mandler ( SPÖ).

Coat of arms

The coat of arms of deer alludes to the name origin of place and community (of ursus, Latin for bear), the red ball on one - not credible - Anecdote from the rural working life: As late as 1820 it was said to be the custom that was run after a rope or a chain with a ball while dragging the hay from the pasture the last Overcoat, so any emerging bear ( in earlier times were bears in Carinthia quite often ) would distracted by the workers. Although this story was considered by the reviewers of the Carinthian Provincial Archives, which were commissioned to prepare the coat of arms, with great skepticism, the red ball is added to the coat of arms. The golden shield reason is the former gold-mining in the field of Fundkofels.

Coat of arms and flag were deer awarded on October 8, 1963, the blazon of the arms is: " In gold over green sign foot an upright black bear, wearing a red ball in the right paw. " The flag is black -yellow-green with incorporated crest.

Personalities

• Gerhard Oberschlick Austrian publicist