Isaak Pomeranchuk

Isaak Yakovlevich Pomeranchuk (Russian Исаак Яковлевич Померанчук, scientific transliteration Isaac Jakovlevic Pomerančuk; * 7 Maijul / May 20 1913greg in Warsaw. . † December 14, 1966 in Moscow) was a Russian physicist.

Life and work

Pomeranchuk was born in what was then Russia Warsaw, the son of a chemical engineer. 1918 the family moved to Rostov-on- Don in 1923 after Rubezhnoe in the Donets Basin, where he went to school. Pomeranchuk worked after school in a factory and went to Ivanovo in 1931 to study chemical engineering. In 1932 he transferred to the Polytechnic Institute in St. Petersburg, where he studied physical chemistry. In 1935 his supervisor Alexander Schalnikow recommended him on to the theoretical physicist Lev Landau in Kharkov ( after he had destroyed several glass tubes for vacuum pumps ), whose infamous " Theoretical Minimum" ( a series of written, very demanding tests under Landau's personal supervision ) it in just two months completed. Pomeranchuk was a most faithful of Landau's students who regularly later visited his famous seminars in Moscow. In 1936 he published his first work on the scattering of photons together in Nature ( with Alexander Achijeser ). In the 1930s, he gave an upper limit of eV for the energy on Earth measured charged particles in cosmic rays to at (due to interaction with the Earth's magnetic field ). He also worked on solid state physics.

In 1937 he followed Landau to Moscow and went after his arrest in 1938 at the University of Leningrad, where he received his doctorate and then 1939/40, at the Physical -Technical Institute worked. In 1940 he went to Moscow to the Lebedev Institute, where he received his doctorate with a thesis on heat conduction and sound absorption in dielectrics. During the Second World War, he made ​​research on cosmic radiation in Armenia and was from 1943 the team of Kurchatov, the first Soviet nuclear reactor developed ( in 1946 went into operation ). He soon became the leading nuclear reactor theorists in the Soviet Union, where he again worked with Achijeser ( their previous seminal work, which circulated in manuscript in the Soviet Union, were in 2002 by Boris Joffe and Gerasimov published as a book ). In the late 1940s he also began to work on synchrotron radiation (eg Ivanov 1944 on the maximum acceleration energy in the betatron ) and superfluids. The idea of ​​Pomeranchuk cooling ( 1950) was born.

After he was temporarily reassigned in 1950 to the nuclear weapons research, but what could be bent with Bogolyubov help, he was in 1951 professor at the Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics ( ITEP ) in Moscow, where he founded a seminary for quantum field theory. Here him with Landau succeeded in discovering that the quantum electrodynamics ( QED ) and some other quantum field theories for high energies is arbitrarily strong - or, more precisely, that a finite value of the bare charge results at high energies to her disappearance in " physical " scales. These discoveries led to the quantum field theory of the time was considered in the Landau school and beyond with skepticism. The behavior of QED is in contrast to the behavior of the 1973 discovered asymptotic freedom in quantum chromodynamics and other non- abelian gauge theories. In 1958 he published his Pomeranchuk theorem ( asymptotic high energy equality of the cross sections for particles and antiparticles ). In the 1960s, he worked with the then- current developments in the S- matrix theory of Tullio Regge and other, often in collaboration with Vladimir Gribow in Leningrad (where she also studied the hypothetical, named after Pomeranchuk " Pomeron ").

Pomeranchuk was director of the Institute for Theoretical Physics at ITEP and at the same time professor at the Moscow Institute of Physical Engineering ( mephi ) in the 1960s. Since 1953 he was a corresponding member since 1964, and full of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.

In 1965 he was diagnosed with esophageal cancer. During his hospital stay, he developed ideas for therapy with proton accelerators, which were realized in 1969 at the ITEP.

Among his students count Samoil Bilenki, Michael Marinov, VS Popov, Boris Joffe.

His awards honor the ITEP since 1998 the Pomeranchuk Prize.

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