Itraconazole

(2R *, 4S * )-1 -sec- Butyl -4- {4 - [ 4 - (4 - {[ cis-2- (2,4- dichlorophenyl) - 2 - (1,2,4- triazol- 1-ylmethyl ) - 1,3- dioxolan-4 -yl] methoxy } phenyl) piperazin-1 -yl] phenyl} - 4,5 -dihydro-1 ,2,4-triazol- 5-one

J02AC02

Antifungal

166.2 ° C

3.7

Attention

320 mg · kg -1 ( LD50, rat, oral)

Template: Infobox chemical / molecular formula search available

Itraconazole is a systemically acting antifungal agent, which is largely absorbed by oral administration in the intestine and enters the bloodstream. The rate of absorption is affected by the acid environment of the stomach. The drug is also available for intravenous therapy.

Itraconazole acts like all other antifungal agents against certain types of fungi. The metabolism is via the cytochrome CYP3A4.

The half-life depends on the dosage and duration of intake and is at a single dose of 100 mg for 15 hours with a single dose of 400 mg 25 hours, after ingestion of 400 mg per day for 2 weeks 42 hours.

Itraconazole is available on prescription in Germany and involves, inter alia, the risk of heart failure and liver damage.

Stereoisomerism

Itraconazole is a mixture of two diastereomers which are each present in racemic form. Consequently, the drug is a mixture of four stereoisomers.

Use / effectiveness

The antifungal effect of itraconazole is based on the reduction of the ergosterol synthesis in the fungal cells, that is a vital component of the cell membrane there.

The effectiveness is by in-vitro studies have proven in infections caused by:

  • Dermatophytes ( Trichophyton spp., Microsporum spp., Epidermophyton floccosum )
  • Yeasts ( Cryptococcus neoformans, Pityrosporum spp., Candida spp., Including C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. krusei )
  • Aspergillus spp.
  • Histoplasma spp.
  • Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
  • Sporothrix schenckii
  • Fonsecaea spp.
  • Cladosporium spp.
  • Blastomyces dermatitidis

As well as various other fungi and yeasts

Infections with often reduced susceptibility to itraconazole are:

  • Candida glabrata
  • Candida tropicalis
  • Fluconazole -resistant Candida spp isolates

Itraconazole is not effective against:

  • Zygomycota ( Rhizopus spp., Rhizomucor spp., Mucor spp., And Absidia spp.)
  • Fusarium spp.
  • Scedosporium spp.
  • Scopulariopsis spp.

Trade names

Sempera (D), Siros (D), Sporanox (A, CH ), numerous generics (D, A, CH)

421771
de