Ivan Franko

Ivan Franko (Ukrainian Іван Франко, scientific transliteration Ivan Franko; born August 27, 1856 in Nahujewytschi, Galicia, Empire Austria, † May 28, 1916 in Lemberg, Galicia ) was a Ukrainian writer, journalist, literary critic and translator. In addition to Taras Shevchenko, he had great influence on the emerging modern Ukrainian literature and the development of the Ukrainian national idea.

Life

Ivan Franko was born in 1856 the son of a village blacksmith of German descent in the circle Drohobytsch in eastern Galicia. The original family name was Frank. His father died in the spring of 1865, when Ivan was the ninth year of life. After leaving school at Drohobytscher grammar school he studied since 1875 at the Faculty of Philosophy, now named after him Lviv University philology, pedagogy, psychology, anthropology and Ukrainian language and literature.

Franko ( кружок Академический ) at this time a member of the student group Academic Circles and gave its literary magazine friend ( Друг ) with out. The literary magazine published in 1876 Dnistrianka Franko first stories: Lessyschyna tscheljad ( Лесишина челядь ) and two friends ( Два приятелі ); In the same year appeared a first volume of poetry ballads and fairy tales ( Балади і розкази ).

1877, shortly after publication of the first texts from Borislav cycle ( цикл Борислав ) arrested one Franko and his colleagues from the editorial board for alleged socialist " conspiracy"; after eight months in custody, he was sentenced in January 1877 to six weeks arrest.

After continuing his studies, and while working as an author and editor (foundation of the later banned magazine company friend ( Громадський друг ) took place in March 1880 a further arrest for " inciting the common people against the lawful order." Franko impressions from the three-month detention in Kolomyja are ( дні На ) in his piece on the basic detained.

Franko was under these circumstances his studies not fully complete and lived for two years in his native village Nahujowice. During this time the amendment Zahar Berkut ( Захар Беркут ), the translations of Goethe's Faust and Heine Germany emerged. The Winter's Tale, as well as a series of articles about Taras Shevchenko.

In the following years, Franko Lviv in -depth into the national and literary history of the Galician Ukraine; he worked for the Ukrainian magazine Stern ( Зоря ) and deed ( Діло ) and traveled in 1885 and 1886 to Kiev, where he Olha Chorunschinskaja married in May 1886. Because of his contacts with the Kiev students who visited Galicia, Franko was again imprisoned in 1889 for two months.

In 1890 Franco founded the Two weekly folk ( Народ ) and published the collection in the sweat of the brow ( У поті чола ). On his and his friend Michailo Pawlik's initiative, the Russian -Ukrainian Radical Party was founded in 1890.

In order to complete his studies, to Franko wrote 1892 for one last semester at the University of Czernowitz, after he was no longer permitted him to the Lviv University. After graduating, he spent another semester at the Slavonic Department, University of Vienna, where he completed his dissertation, written in German language about Barlaam and Josaphat and the Unicorn parable defended on 1 July 1893. Submitted he had. Vatroslav at Jagić, who was a professor of Slavic philology at the University of Vienna at this time With him Franko remained after graduating in contact. Also in 1893 he published his drama Stolen Happiness ( Украдене щастя ), the Ruthe America at Theater Talk ( Руська бесіда ) was performed.

1896/1897 ran unsuccessfully Franko at meetings held in March 1897 elections to the Imperial Council, the existing in Vienna Cisleithanian Parliament. 1898 was celebrated his 25th anniversary as a poet. Poems like The Funeral ( Похорон ), My Emerald ( Мій Ізмарагд ) and Poor Heinrich ( Бідний Генріх ) emerged during this period. 1904 Franko visited Rome.

The Kharkiv University awarded the poet in 1906 an honorary doctorate. University professors beat him before as a candidate for the Russian Academy of Sciences, its uptake was prevented by political influence.

In the last years of his life the poet learned honors such as the celebration of his 40-year - poet anniversary in 1914 and the publication of anniversary anthologies such as greeting to Ivan Franko ( Привіт Іванові Франкові ) and from my teenage years ( Із літ моєї молодості ). On May 28, 1916 Ivan Franko Lviv died and was buried on the Lychakivski Cemetery.

After Franco is named since 1962, the city of Ivano -Frankivsk Oblast and the ( administrative district) of Ivano- Frankivsk. The University of Lviv (Ukrainian Lviv ) bears his name. The reverence for Franko is ubiquitous in modern Ukraine.

Poems of Ivan Franko

From " Wilted leaves "

From " My Ismavogd " cycle " homage " III

Works (selection)

• About Barlaam and Josaphat and the Unicorn parabola. PhD thesis, Vienna 1893.

The original of the thesis is in the Manuscript Department of the Shevchenko Institute of Literature of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine ( Fond 3, N 274).

• Contributions to the History and Culture of Ukraine: Selected writings of the German revolutionary democrats. From 1882 to 1915. Edited and introduced by Edward Winter and Peter Kirchner ( = Sources and Studies in the History of Eastern Europe. Vol. 14). Academy, Berlin 1963.