Ivan Goncharov
Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov (Russian: Иван Александрович Гончаров, scientific transliteration Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov; * 6 Junijul / June 18 1812greg in Simbirsk, .. .. † 15 Septemberjul / September 27 1891greg in Saint Petersburg ) was a Russian writer. His most famous work is Oblomov (1859 ).
Life
Ivan Goncharov grew up as the son of a rich grain merchant who died in 1819, the business was run by the mother on. The grandfather had been transferred to the hereditary nobility, so that Goncharov was able to observe the crisis of the patriarchal landed gentry and its culture and the rise of a versatile educated liberal financial and commercial elite in their own environment. After attending business school Moscow 1822-1830 Goncharov completed his training in 1834 at the University of Moscow from and then served for 30 years in St. Petersburg, first as a translator, then as a minor official, from 1856 as Oberzensor popularly Ministry of Education and later as a senior officer in the top press authority.
After early Versdichtungen he turned since 1838 - affected by Pushkin, Lermontov and Gogol - realistic prose work on. In 1847, Goncharov's first novel, An everyday story ( Obyknowennaja istorija ), has been published, grappled with the conflict between the Russian nobility and the rising class of merchants. The novel was followed by the psychological and naturalistic sketch Ivan Sawitsch Podjabrin (1848 ).
Between 1852 and 1855, traveled Goncharov as secretary of Admiral Putyatin to England, Africa, Japan and Siberia back to Russia. His sharp observational travelogue The frigate Pallas ( Fregat Pallada ) was published in 1858 and won international resonance. The following year, he released his internationally most successful novel Oblomov, whose eponymous hero with Shakespeare's Hamlet is compared, the be the question to be or not? with No! answered. Among other things, Dostoevsky Goncharov regarded as remarkable author of high quality, of which he showed himself influenced.
Already in his early works is Goncharov's basic theme, the limitless boredom, clearly that he does in his major work Oblomov to as the core content that the listlessness of the title character in Russian even became proverbial: Oblomowschtschina, sinking to do nothing until the final decay.
1867 Goncharov moved from his post as Regierungszensor back and published his last novel; The gorge ( Obryw ) ( 1869) is the story of a rivalry between three men who are looking for the love of a mysterious woman. This novel was almost unanimously rejected, as this in the break-up time after the reforms of 1861 could not understand the conservative backlash of the author. The rest of his life he spent in the face of negative criticism, which was given this and some other of his works, in lonely seclusion. Goncharov also wrote short stories, reviews, essays and memoirs, but did not appear until 1919.