Ivan Meshchaninov

Ivan Ivanovich Meshchaninov (Russian: Иван Иванович Мещанинов, scientific transliteration Ivan Ivanovic Meščaninov ), born 24 Novemberjul. / December 6 1883greg. in Ufa; † January 16, 1967 in Leningrad) was a Soviet linguist and archaeologist.

After graduating from the University of St. Petersburg as a lawyer, he began first as an amateur, later professional to deal with archeology, notably the cultures of the Caucasus and the Black Sea region, where he participated in excavations. He was a pupil of Nikolai Yakovlevich Marr, whom he would eventually follow as linguistic theorists as an intellectual leader of the Soviet linguistics because of its historical interest.

In 1932 Meshchaninov was inducted into the Russian Academy of Sciences. In 1934 he became secretary of the Department of Language and Literature of the Academy. From 1933 to 1937 he was director of the Institute of Anthropology, Archaeology and Ethnography. From 1935 he headed the Marr Institute of Language and thought ( now Institute for Language Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences ( Институт лингвистических исследований РАН ) ).

1945 Meshchaninov was awarded the Golden Star as a hero of socialist labor, in the years 1943 and 1946 each have a Stalin Prize. He also received the Order of the Red Banner of Labour and an Order of Lenin.

Meshchaninov had neither a linguistic nor a historical education. His early works (eg Introduction to Japhetitologie ) are uncritical interpretations of the theories Marrs. However, after the death Marrs he stopped the obviously fantastic statements of the new doctrine of language weiterzupropagandieren and endeavored to support his views of the Stadialität language development by sprachtypologisches material, which made ​​him a pioneer of the Russian language typology.

Meshchaninov developed a theory of the relationship of speech and phrases, wrote works on incorporation, as well as the idea of ​​the so-called conceptual categories that are based on the linguistic categories ( which had already been taken in a similar manner before him Otto Jespersen ). He also dealt in detail with the Urartian language.

In the course of rejecting the Marrismus by Stalin in 1950 Meshchaninov lost his positions as director of the Marr Institute and as secretary of the Academy Department of Language and Literature. He could continue to operate, however, because it neither his academic degrees or awards have been withdrawn. As helpful has probably proved that Stalin had expressly stated in his critical newspaper articles against Marrismus for honesty Meschtschaninows.

Writings

  • Эламские древности, П, 1917.;
  • Халдоведение. История древнего Вана, Баку, 1927;
  • Введение в яфетидологию, Л, 1929.;
  • Язык Ванской клинописи, Л, 1935.;
  • Новое учение о языке. Стадиальная типология, Л, 1936.;
  • Общее языкознание, Л, 1940.;
  • Члены предложения и части речи, М. - Л, 1945.
  • Глагол, Л, 1949.;
  • Грамматический строй урартского языка, ч. 1-2, Л, 1958-1962. ; http://slovo.iphil.ru/virtlab/50/gram_and_voc/Meschaninov_gramurar_1/view http://slovo.iphil.ru/virtlab/50/gram_and_voc/Meschaninov_gramurar_2/view
  • Структура предложения, М. - Л, 1963.
  • Эргативная конструкция в языках различных типов, Л. , 1967. Http://slovo.iphil.ru/virtlab/50/ergativ/Meschaninov_ekp/meschaninov_ekp/view
  • Orientalist
  • Linguist
  • Prehistorians
  • Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences
  • Hero of Socialist Labor
  • Carrier of the Order of Lenin
  • Russian
  • Soviet citizens
  • Born in 1883
  • Died in 1967
  • Man
Nicholas Marr Incorporation (linguistics)
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