Ja'far al-Sadiq

Abū ʿ Abd Allāh Dascha ʿ far ibn Muhammad al-Sadiq (Arabic ابو عبد الله جعفر بن محمد الصادق, DMG Abū ʿ Abd Allāh Ǧa ʿ far ibn Muhammad al-Sadiq; * 699/700 or 702/703 in Medina; † 765) was the sixth Imam the Imami. The Ismailis worship him as their fifth Imam. The Twelver Shia school of law is called after him as faritisch ja ʿ, even if only a few rules are directly traceable to him.

Life

Dascha ʿ far was the son of Muhammad ibn ʿ Alī al - Baqir and Umm Farwa, a great-granddaughter of Abu Bakr. He lived most of his life in Medina, where he established as a theologian, hadith scholar and jurist on a circle of students around, which included Aboo Haneefah, Maalik ibn Anas ibn ʿ Ata Wasil and ʾ. From the political life he held out.

Dascha ʿ far had five sons: Ismā ʿ ʿ Abd īl and of his wife, Fatima hasanidischen and considerably younger sons Muhammad, Musa and Ishaaq of his slave Hamida. As the successor -designate he his eldest son Ismā ʿ īl, but died this before his own death. This led among the followers Dascha ʿ fars to a disengagement, because some felt that a true Imam himself can not err. Dascha ʿ far defended himself with the fact that a divine will change ( BADA ʾ ) had occurred, he could not foresee. However, the supporters who had turned away from him, considered this an excuse.

Splitting of the followers after his death

Dascha ʿ far was buried in the Baqi cemetery in Medina ʿ in the grave of his ancestors. After the presentation on - Naubachtīs the followings Dascha ʿ fars split after his death into six groups:

• The first group denied his death and said that he would return as the Mahdi with the sword, to take dominion over people. This group was named after their leader Nāwūsīya.
• A second group transferred its hopes on Dascha ʿ ʿ īl Ismā fars son, denied his death and claimed that his father had hidden him in reality only from fear, so that he again return as Qa'im. This group was referred to as the "pure Ismā ʿ Iliya " (al- ʿ Ismā Iliya al - Halisa ).
• The third group claimed that the Imamate after Dascha ʿ had passed fars death of his grandson, Muhammad, had to be Ismā ʿ īl fathered a slave. The followers of this doctrine were called after their leader as Mubarakiya.
• The fourth group continued the Imamate on Dascha ʿ fars son Muhammad and his descendants, because she said that Dascha ʿ far have already chosen him in childhood as his successor. The group was named after their leader Yahya ibn Abī Schumait as Schumaitīya.
• The fifth group, which was initially very numerous, recognized by Dascha ʿ fars death his son ʿ Abd as an imam, because he was then the oldest living of his sons. However, ʿ Abd died seventy days after the Dascha ʿ fars death, so that many followers of this group of sixth group joined. Those who continue ʿ Abd which included in the count of the Imams, al - Futhīya were called after ʿ Abdallah al - Aftah nickname ( " the Breitnasige ").
• The sixth group rejected the Imamate ʿ Abdallah from the ground of his illiteracy and arrogance from the beginning and taught that his son was the rightful Imam Musa. This group included many learned especially Shiites as the theologian Hisham ibn al - Hakam.

During later joined the main stream of Ismā ʿ Iliya developed from the Mubarakiya, which continues the Imamat in the progeny of Muhammad and Ismā ʿ īl considered their sixth Imam, has subsequently developed from the sixth group Twelver Shia.