Ja'far Pishevari

Sayyed Ja'far Pischevari (Persian سید جعفر پیشهوری; * August 26, 1893 at Khalkhal, Ardabil Province, † June 11, 1947 in Baku ) was an Azerbaijani politician. He was the founder and chairman of separatist and communist Azerbaijan People's Government ( November 1945-November 1946 ), founded and supported by the Soviet occupation forces in the north- western Iran.

Life

Jafar Pischevari was born in the Iranian province of Ardabil as Jafar Javadzadeh. The family moved to Baku after the House of Javadzadeh family had been destroyed in tribal fighting. The father of Jafar ran a general store in Baku. After Jafar had finished his education and his studies in Baku, he worked as a teacher of Turkish language and Persian literature at the High School of Baku. After the October Revolution he was a member of the Communist Adalat ( Justice ) Party and took the name Pischevari ( artisans ) to.

Political career

Pischevari was a founding member of the Communist Party of Iran, which was founded in 1920 in Rasht. The KPI was the forerunner of the communist Tudeh Party. Pischevari participated in the establishment of the Persian Socialist Soviet Republic by Mirza Kutschak Khan and his Dschangali movement. After the defeat of the Dschangali movement and the end of the Persian Soviet Socialist Republic Pischevari attended the Communist University for Workers of the East in Moscow. After completing his studies of Marxism- Leninism, he went back to Tehran, opened a bookstore and was co-editor of the union newspaper Haqiqat (Truth).

In 1930 he was arrested for the financing of an oil workers strike and its contribution to the establishment of the Persian Socialist Soviet Republic.

After the invasion of 1941 British and Soviet troops during the Anglo - Soviet invasion of Iran Pischevari was dismissed by a regulation adopted by the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi amnesty for all political prisoners from jail. Pischevari went to Tabriz, where he founded the communist- oriented Firqeh Democrat (Democratic Party). In December 1945, Pischevari proclaimed the autonomous Azerbaijan People's Government. The activities of its government and the establishment of a local militia, disarming the Iranian army and police, the establishment of a judiciary modeled after the Soviet legal system, the collection of taxes, land reforms, the use of the Azeri Turkish as an official language, and the prohibition of the Persian and the establishment of an alternative curriculum and education system were pursued by the central government and the other Iranians with great suspicion.

Pursuant to an agreement between Iran and the Soviet Union under the great pressure from the U.S., who saw Pischevaris government as an attempt by the USSR to the division of Iran, the Soviet Union withdrew their protection back. The Iranian army, which has been held by the Soviet Union from Azerbaijan and Kurdistan since 1942, the Province entered in November 1946. Pischevaris government broke fast together, and many of the people welcomed the troops of the central government welcome.

In December 1946 Azerbaijan and Kurdistan were evacuated from the Soviet Union, and the Iranian government presented its control restores. It seems that Pischevaris government was quite unpopular, especially in the larger cities, where merchants feared communism.

After the collapse of this short-lived state, he fled to the Azerbaijan SSR and died in a car accident in 1947 in Baku. Some claim that he had been murdered by the KGB, but this is not proven.

His legacy is the subject of heated debates. While many Iranians regard him either as a Soviet stooge or a traitor, the Azerbaijani nationalists see him as a national hero and the Iranian left as a socialist revolutionaries. No doubt he was supported by Stalin and the USSR in the formation of his government.

Available sources show that the Soviet Union had territorial ambitions, which included the provinces Āzarbāydschān, Kordestān, Gilan, Mazandaran and Khorassan .. The question of what would reach Pischevari, is still a matter of discussion. Some left scholars argue that he never intended to divide Iran, but wanted to go and rebuild after the whole country into a communist state. Scholars on the right argue that the proclamation and directives adopted by him and his government, leave no doubt that he intended to join the Azerbaijan SSR and thus the Soviet Union.

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