Jaan Kross

Jaan Kross ( born February 19, 1920 in Tallinn, † December 27, 2007 ) was an Estonian writer.

  • 2.1 Thematic design
  • 2.2 The scope of the works
  • 2.3 German translations
  • 3.1 novels
  • 3.2 stories
  • 3.3 novellas
  • 3.4 dramas
  • 3.5 Children's Literature
  • 3.6 poems
  • 3.7 memoirs
  • 3.8 essays

Life

Kross attended the University of Tartu, graduated there in 1944 as a lawyer from and lectured for two years (and again as Professor of Liberal Arts, 1998). In the spring of 1944 he was arrested by the German occupiers and 1946 by the Soviets, who deported him to Siberia, where he eight years as a political prisoner ( 1947-1951 ) in the Gulag in the Komi ASSR and later as an exile ( 1951-1954 ) in had to spend the Krasnoyarsk territory.

After his return to Tallinn in 1954 followed in the next year, the first publications of poems in various journals. Since then he has worked as a freelance writer. His unrhymed poems of the 1950s and 60s modernized Estonian poetry. He was since 1958 a member of the Estonian Writers' Union, whose presidency he served from 1971 to 1981, he was then the Vice President. In the 1970/80ern he wrote especially historical novels. In the following decade, he turned to the recent Estonian history, with his novels tended to take more clearly autobiographical.

Between 1992 and 1993 he was a member of the Estonian Parliament. At the University of Tartu in 1998 he took the chair of the liberal arts true.

Jaan Kross was married until his death on 27 December 2007 with the Estonian writer Ellen Niit (born Ellen Kross ).

Awards

Both 1971 and 1972 as well as 1990 and 1995 received Jaan Kross the peace Tuglas always Prize for short stories. In 1971 he was awarded the Distinguished Writer of the Estonian SSR, and since 1985 he was a primary author of the Estonian SSR. A total of five times he received the Juhan - Smuul Prize ( 1972, 1973, 1979, 1983, 1984 ), the per genre annual award for the best literary work in Estonia. 1983, the union price of the USSR awarded him. In 1988 he was awarded the Finnish Eeva - Joenpelto Prize the following year an honorary doctorate from the University of Tartu, 1990, the University of Helsinki. In 1989 he was awarded the prize for best book translated in France and the price of Virumaa funds. In 1990 he was elected an honorary member of the Finnish Literature Society. In 1991 he received the Amnesty International Prize for Literature and the Stanislaw Vincenz Prize ( Poland 1991). Honorary member of the Finland-Swedish writers union, he was in 1993. The state Estonian Culture Award in 1994 followed in 1995 by the Italian Nonino Prize for Literature, 1995, the Federal Cross of Merit he was awarded, in 1996 the Order of the National Coat of Arms first class. In the same year he was awarded the Peace Prize of Loviisa (Finland, 1996). This was followed in 1997 Virumaa Literature Prize and the Herder Prize, 1998, the price of Arms of Tallinn. 1999 was followed by the annual prize of the Estonian cultural capital as well as the price of the Baltic Assembly. 2006 Kross received the Culture Prize of the Republic of Estonia for his life's work.

Works

The works Jaan Kross ' include 11 novels, six short stories, 27 novels, his two-part autobiography, six volumes of poetry and six collections of essays and several plays, children's books, translations and opera libretti.

Thematic design

His novels ( and short stories ) are almost all historical; Kross is often referred to as the reviver of the historical novel. Almost all of his works play in Estonia and revolve around the theme of the relations between Estonians, German Balts and Russians. Its frequent thematization of the Estonian War of Independence against the German Baltic is largely a metaphor for the contemporary struggle against the Russians. Kross ' meaning even after the successful end of the battle in 1991 shows that his novels also of issues that go beyond this kind of policy act, such as identity, loyalty and education.

The scope of works

In the general opinion of The Mad Tsar applies across the Baltic German nobility Timothy Eberhard von Bock as Kross ' best novel. It is also known novel Professor Martens ' Departure of the Russian diplomat Friedrich Martens From Hold, which is popular for its subjects (science, expert knowledge, national loyalty ) especially in academics. Many experts, however, the excavations as Kross ' best work will be viewed. Life in Reval of the 16th century describes the novel Life of Balthazar Rüssow. In the novel, The Women of Wesenberg or the revolt of the citizens Kross describes the efforts of the city Wesenberg, to free themselves from the illegitimate rule of the noble family Tiesenhausens. All of these novels are available in German translations. Kross was by far the most translated and nationally as well as internationally most famous Estonian writer, certainly the most important since Anton Hansen Tammsaare.

German translations

In German-speaking Jaan Kross is one of the most translated Estonian writers, with which in this respect only of the classics of the interwar period, Anton Hansen Tammsaare, can measure. A total of ten books of Kross appeared on German, considering all editions and paperback editions on the 20th. It was his German debut in 1974 in the GDR, and the breakthrough in the West or imminent total Germany was initiated by a conference in Loccum to which the November 1989 on the 100 participants who came from Germany and abroad. Then there is a large German publishing the author attended, so that Kross was relatively well known in the 1990s. An example of this is his book tour, he performed in Germany in 1993 with a total of ten appearances in Frankfurt / Main, Karlsruhe, Stuttgart, Göttingen, Oldenburg, Bonn, Aachen, Berlin, Erlangen and Nuremberg. Apart from the books listed below are numerous contributions to and published by Kross in magazines and newspapers.

  • Four Monologues Anno Domini 1506 ( Michel Sittow ). Dt. v. Hilde Angarowa and Werner Creutziger. Building, Berlin / Weimar 1974
  • The madman of the Tsar ( Timothy Eberhard von Bock). Dt. v. Helga Viira. Rütten & Loening, Berlin 1988, Hanser, Munich 1990, ISBN 3-446-16039-6, ISBN 3-423-20655-1 than TB
  • Professor Martensi ärasõit (Professor Martens ' Departure ) ( From Hold Friedrich Martens ). Dt. v. Helga Viira. Hanser, Munich 1992, ISBN 3-446-16363-8, ISBN 3-423-11974-8 than TB
  • The conspiracy. Dt. Viktor Sepp. Bibliotheca Baltica, Tallinn. 1993 ( Warning: contains only the story of the conspiracy, not identical with the following title, which contains other short stories in addition to the cover story. )
  • The conspiracy. Dt. v. Irja Grönholm and Cornelius Hasselblatt. Dipa, Frankfurt / M. 1994 ( contains the title story, yet the following short stories: the story of my cousin, uncle, Hallelujah, The Escape )
  • The life of Balthasar Rüssow ( Balthasar Rüssow ). Dt. v. Helga Viira and Barbara Heitkam. Rütten & Loening, Berlin 1986, Hanser, Munich 1995, ISBN 3-446-16387-5
  • Excavations. Dt. v. Cornelius Hasselblatt. Dipa, Frankfurt / M. 1995, ISBN 3-7638-0343-2
  • The women of Wesenberg or The revolt of the citizens. Dt. v. Helga Viira. Hanser, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-446-19120-8
  • Marts bread or How the marzipan was invented. Dt. of Aivo Kaidja. Bibliotheca Baltica. Tallinn 2004
  • The Stahl'sche grammar. Narratives. Dt. of Aivo Kaidja, Viktor Sepp, Mati Sirkel, Helga Viira. Bibliotheca Baltica, Hamburg 2007

Opus

The work of Jaan Kross is well developed in several bibliographies.

Novels

  • " Kolme Katku vahel " I-IV (1970-1980; German: " The life of Balthasar Rüssow ", 1986/1995)
  • " Keisri hull" (1978; German: " The madman of the Tsar ", 1988/1990 )
  • " Rakvere romaan " (1982; German: "The women of Wesenberg or The revolt of the citizens ", 1997)
  • "Professor Martensi ärasõit " (1984; German: "Professor Martens ' Departure ', 1992)
  • " Vastutuulelaev " (1987)
  • " Wikmani poisid " (1988)
  • " Väljakaevamised " (1990; German " excavations ", 1995)
  • " Tabamatus " (1993)
  • " Mesmeri ring" (1995 )
  • " Paigallend " (1998)
  • " Tahtamaa " (2001)

Stories

  • " Kahe kaotsiläinud paberi lugu " (1966)
  • " Neli monoloogi Püha Jüri asjus " (1970; German: "Four monologues Anno Domini 1506 ", 1974)
  • " Michel Soni immatrikuleerimine " (1971)
  • " Pöördtoolitund " (1972)
  • " Kolmandad mäed " (1975)
  • " Taevakivi " (1975)

Short Stories

  • " Kajalood " (1980, contains: Marrastus, Toru, Stahli grammatical )
  • " Ülesõidukohad " (1981, contains: Rist, Väike Vipper )
  • " Silmade avamise päev " (1988, contains the title novella: Rist, Väike Vipper, Marrastus, Toru, Stahli grammatical, Vandenõu )
  • Tuhatoos (1988)
  • Onu (1989 )
  • Hallelujah (1989 )
  • Minu onupoja jutustus (1991 )
  • Eesti iseloom (1992 )
  • Põgenemine (1992)
  • " Järelehüüd Kuusiku peremehele " (1994, contains the title novella in 1941 and Vürst )
  • Süit kolmele klaverile või ehk siiski ainult Kahele (1996 )
  • Eesti rahva kõrbeteekond (1996 )
  • Motacilla (1998)
  • Pulmareis (1998)
  • Morse (1998)
  • Eksam (2001)
  • Sobimatute seikade volume. Mälestus või novell (2004)
  • Külmkapp (2004)
  • Kokkuleppelised imed (2004)
  • Isand Järve käsikiri (2004)
  • Baumertid (2006)

Dramas

  • "Doctor Karelli raske öö " (2000)
  • " Vend Enrico yes tema piiskop " (2000)
  • " Olematu Ulysses " (2005)

Children's Literature

  • "Mardi body" ( 1973)

Poetry

  • " Söerikastaja " (1958)
  • " Tuule - Juku " (1964)
  • " Kivist viiulid " (1964)
  • " Lauljad laevavööridel " (1966)
  • " Vihm TEEB toredaid asju " (1969)
  • " Voog yes kolmpii " (1971)

Memoirs

  • " Kallid kaasteelised " (2003)
  • " Kallid kaasteelised II" ( 2008)

Essays

  • " Vahelugemised I" ( 1968)
  • " Muld yes marble " (together with Ellen Niit, 1968)
  • " Vahelugemised II " (1976)
  • " Vahelugemised III " (1982)
  • " Vahelugemised IV " (1986)
  • " Vahelugemised V " (1990)
  • " Vahelugemised VI " (1995)
  • " Omaeluloolisus yes alltekst. In 1998. Tartu Ülikooli a filosoofiateaduskonna vabade kunstide professorina peetud loengud "(2003)
Riigikogu Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany Tyzenhaus Treading Air Integrated Authority File
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