Jacob Marschak
Jacob Marshak ( born July 23, 1898 in Kiev, Ukraine, † July 27, 1977 in Los Angeles, California ) was an American economist of Ukrainian descent.
Marshak is considered along with Roy Radner as the founder of the economic theory of teams and organizations ( team theory). Further work will focus on the analysis of approximately rational decisions of economic actors as well as on the theoretical analysis of information and communication costs between actors in decision-making.
Life
Jacob Marshak (until 1933 even Jacob ) was born in 1898 in Kiev, Ukraine, the son of a jeweler. In 1915 he started at the College of Technology and Commerce study began and was in the revolutionary environment of Russia Member of the Social Democratic Party. Due to his activities as a socialist and pacifist, he was arrested in December 1916, and released three months later after the fall of the Tsar Nicholas II. In the late autumn of 1917, Marshak went into the troubled region of the northern Caucasus, where to July 1918, he held the post of Minister of Labour of the short-lived Soviet Republic of Terek March. That same autumn Marshak went back to Kiev, but emigrated to Berlin in early 1919. In the context of the Spartacus revolt, he began his Berlin University economics degree. After one semester, he broke off his studies in Berlin, to devote himself at the Ruprecht -Karls University in Heidelberg, Emil Lederer, Alfred Weber and Karl Jaspers the social sciences. There he received his doctorate in the fall of 1922 with the dissertation The transport equation in which his interest in the problems and motives for holding money in consideration of uncertainty and information for economic actors' behavior is expressed.
From 1922 to 1926 he worked as a business journalist, including as editor of the Frankfurter Zeitung and then worked as a secretary for economic policy of the General German Trade Union Federation. In 1928 he moved to the just constructed economic research department of the Kiel Institute for World Economics, where he was in charge of studies on the economy of inquiry.
As a Jew and Social Marshak has not been approved by the University of Kiel for his habilitation and went back to Heidelberg. There, he qualified the beginning of 1930 at the Ruprecht -Karls- University in Kiel with the already written work elasticity of demand: The empirical determination of relative market constants by Beobachtg of household, business and market. Even before in the wake of the Nazi seizure of power, the Baden Ministry of Culture announced him the teaching job, Marshak fled the spring of 1933, first to Vienna. After short research stays in Spain and the Netherlands, he followed in the autumn of 1933 to the University of Oxford. There he became in 1935 the first director of the newly founded Oxford Institute of Statistics, which was funded because of its focus on the economic research by the Rockefeller Foundation. In the same year he lost his German citizenship, which he obtained in 1929. So he could end of 1938 light-hearted take on a travel grant from the Rockefeller Foundation in the U.S., should it be the third and last home to Germany.
In the fall of 1939, Marshak Oxford finally left and accepted an offer from the New School for Social Research and was Chair successor of Gerhard Colm. In January 1943 he was appointed to the University of Chicago and was also the director of the Cowles Commission for Research in Economics. The Cowles Commission procured through their research the modeling of simultaneous equation system and the probabilistic approach in econometrics fast international recognition, were among their employees to 1955 Tjalling Koopmans ( 1948-54 Director), Trygve Haavelmo, Kenneth Arrow, Gérard Debreu, Lawrence Klein, Harry Markowitz, Franco Modigliani, and Herbert Simon. After James Tobin in 1955 the new director was, Marshak joined together with many other economists from the Commission to the Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. In 1960, Marshak one last time and followed the call of the University of California in Los Angeles, where he had retired in 1965 and until 1969 Director of Western Management Science Institute.
As President Elect of the American Economic Association in 1977, he prepared the annual meeting before, at his office should be. Shortly before succumbed Marshak on July 27, 1977 of a heart attack.