Jacques de Vaucanson
Jacques de Vaucanson ( born February 24, 1709 Grenoble, † November 21, 1782 in Paris) was a French engineer and inventor.
Career
Jacques de Vaucanson ( the particle "de" was added later by the Académie des Sciences ) grew up in poverty as the son of a glover and wanted in his youth become a watchmaker. He attended a Jesuit college and toyed with the idea of joining the Minimi Medal in Lyon, but opted for a career as an engineer yet.
1741, he was appointed by Cardinal Fleury, the first minister of King Louis XV. , The chief inspector of the French silk factories. In this role, he pushed for the automated production and built in 1745 the first fully automated loom. However, the loom was little noticed and was optimized in 1805 by Joseph- Marie Jacquard. This built various mechanical components already known looms one, replaced the existing drive cylinder against a prism and built a programmable through the punched card system. After 1815, this loom was used mainly in France and he revolutionized the textile industry.
Another invention Vaucanson is the hook chain that can support a weight of 4 kg * d2 with a wire diameter of d mm. For a wire diameter of 5 mm that is 100 kg.
Services
Vaucanson became famous as a designer of machines. In 1737 he built a mechanical flute player who had a repertoire of twelve songs and was based on a mechanical roller pen with two directions of movement. They moved in the usual rotation and could perform additional moves to the side, which were caused by a worm gear. About the roll were several rows of pins. In 1738 he introduced him to the French Academy of Sciences. Vaucanson's dream was to create a functioning artificial accurately as possible people.
When his masterpiece is considered, however, its mechanical duck. It consisted of more than 400 moving parts, could flutter his wings, chattering and drinking water. She even had an artificial digestive system: grains were picked from her, " digested " it in a chemical reaction in an artificial gut and then they retired from lifelike consistency. Vaucanson also created with the intestines of his duck probably the first flexible rubber hose. This duck, the flute player and a drummer were bought from the art collection of Gottfried Christoph Beireis by the French government, which was estimated with these machines to more than 800,000 livres in 1808.
Effects
Frederick the Great invited Vaucanson with his machine to his court one, but Vaucanson refused this request as a French patriot from. In 1743 he sold his machines. 1746 Vaucanson member of the Académie des sciences, which earned him the collection of the French nobility. No original of Vaucanson's automata is preserved.
1748 can be the mechanical creatures in Augsburg prove:
Works
- Le mécanisme you fluteur automate. Avec la description d'un canard artificiel, mangeant, beuvant, Digerant & se ... vuidant imitant en diverses Manières un canard vivant .... Et aussi celle d'une autre figure ... you jouant tambourin & de la flute. . Paris 1738 German edition: Description of a mechanical art stucco, and automatic flute player, including the one ... Description both a duck artificially - made , ... as well as another equally wonderful figure. Augsburg 1748.
- Construction d'un nouveau tour à la soie filer of cocons. Paris 1749 (previously in the Memoires de l' Academie Royale des Sciences in 1741 ). German edition: Description of the establishment of a new winch to Abwindung the silk of the Seidenbälglein. Berlin 1763rd