Jacques-Louis Lions
Jacques -Louis Lions ( born 2 May 1928 in Grasse, † 17 May 2001, Paris) was a French mathematician who worked on partial differential equations and numerical analysis.
Life and work
His father was the mayor of Grasse, and Lions visited by activities in the French Resistance during the Second World War, where he met his future wife ( married 1950), the school in Grasse and Nice. 1947 to 1950 he attended the École normale supérieure in Paris ( a fellow student was Bernard Malgrange ). After that he went on a scholarship from the CNRS at the University of Nancy, to do his doctorate at Laurent Schwartz, whose introduction of the distributions at the time revolutionized the analysis. After receiving his doctorate in 1954, he was Maître de conférences in Nancy, where he was professor. In 1963 he went to Paris as a professor at the Faculté des Sciences. 1966 to 1986 he was professor at the École polytechnique also. In the reorganization of the universities in Paris in 1970, he went to the University of Paris VI (Pierre et Marie Curie ). In 1973 he became a professor at the Collège de France ( for his chair he chose the title "Analysis of Mathématique Systèmes et de leur Contrôle " ), where he retired in 1998. In 1979 he became director of the INRIA ( Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et Automatique ). 1984 to 1992 he was Director of CNES (Centre National d' Etudes Spatiales ).
Lions dealt in various ways with partial differential equations in control theory and later with their numerical solution and application. In the 1950s he studied under the influence of Jean Leray to the Navier -Stokes equations. In 1959, he published Giovanni Prodi with a proof of the uniqueness of "weak" solutions of the Navier -Stokes equations in two dimensions. He also improved the evidence of Eberhard Hopf on the existence (for large times ) of weak solutions in limited areas in three dimensions. He was also involved in interpolation theory. He advocated for the use of computers and the development of numerical methods, as the mathematics in France still dominated mainly by the abstract methods of the Bourbaki school. He thought about it in the 1960s at the Institute Blaise Pascal CNRS lectures that were widely spread.
In 1973 he was elected to the Académie des sciences. He served as a consultant in various capacities, including for France Telecom, the French state electricity company, the space agency and the state meteorologist. 1991 to 1995 he was president of the International Mathematical Union. 1996 to 1998 he was President of the French Academy of Sciences.
In 1986 he won the John von Neumann Prize and the 1991 Japan Prize. He has received numerous honorary doctorate honors and was among other things the commander of the Legion of Honour (1993). 1958 ( Problèmes mixtes abstraits ), 1970 ( Inequations variational d' evolution ) and 1974 ( Sur la théorie du controle, plenary lecture ), he was invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians.
His son Pierre -Louis Lions is also an important mathematician and winner of the Fields Medal.
His PhD is one of Roger Temam, Alain Bensoussan and Philippe Ciarlet.
Writings
- With Enrico Magenes: Problèmes aux limites non homogeneous et applications. 3 vols, 1968, 1970
- Contrôle optimal de systèmes Gouvernes par of équations aux dérivées partial. 1968
- With L. Cesari: Quelques méthodes de résolution of problèmes aux limites non linéaires. 1969
- With Roger Dautray: Mathematical analysis and numerical methods for science and technology. 9 volumes, 1984/5
- With Philippe Ciarlet: Handbook of numerical analysis. 7 vols
- With Alain Bensoussan, Papanicolaou: Asymptotic analysis of periodic structures. North Holland 1978