Jacques Soustelle

Jacques Soustelle ( born February 3, 1912 in Montpellier, † August 6, 1990 in Neuilly -sur -Seine ) was a French politician, anthropologist and ethnologist, who specialized in Latin American civilizations. He became in 1938 deputy director of the Musée de l' Homme in Paris.

Life

Soustelle studied in Lyon philology and philosophy and entered 1929 as Best of the admission process in the École Normale Supérieure in. In 1930 he completed his studies in ethnology with the Diploma. After the aggregation in 1932 he received his doctorate 1937. Between 1932 and 1939 undertook Soustelle extensive research trips to, in particular to explore pre-Columbian cultures of Central and South America Mexico, who established his scientific reputation. He taught at the Collège de France, the École nationale de la France d' outre- mer and from 1951 at the École pratique des hautes études.

Policy

In 1940 he joined the Resistance group of the Musée de l' Homme, which published an underground newspaper in occupied Paris. He joined General Charles de Gaulle in London, who in 1941 sent him to Latin America, where he organized support for the Free French. In particular, from the Mexican exile were the Free French financial support. From 1942 he was a member of the government in exile in London and in 1943 was head of the Direction Générale des Services Spéciaux ( DGSS ) in Algiers, the combined intelligence of the Free French de Gaulle and the French Army in North Africa in June under their commander Henri Giraud. 1944 Soustelle was briefly prefect in Bordeaux, before de Gaulle in 1945 to the Minister of Information, later Colonial Secretary to the Government provisoire de la République française ( GPRF ) made ​​him. From 1947 to 1951 Soustelle was the first Secretary General of the Gaullist RPF party.

As an appointee of Prime Minister Pierre Mendès -France Governor General of Algeria from 1955 to 1956, he sought the "integration" of the Muslim population of the Algerian départements in the French federation and the gradual equality of population with the French citizens of Christian or Jewish faith. Although this 1944 French citizenship had received and the diskrimierende Code de l' indigénat had been abolished, but de facto existed still legal - such as a class franchise - and especially economic differences. These efforts came but probably several years too late to still take the fighting for independence FLN the wind out of the sails. Soustelle fought against racism and discrimination against the Muslim population, but remained firmly committed to the idea of ​​a plus grande France, including Algeria and firmly rejected the under French intellectuals now widespread anti-colonialism Strongly object. In the FLN, he saw a kind of recurrence of Nazism and a threat to the French state, which is why he approved of their violent combat.

Soustelle supported the return of de Gaulle to power in 1958 in the formation of the Fifth Republic and became its Minister of Information. In the following year Soustelle belonged to the Cabinet Michel Debré as Minister of State for Overseas Departments and nuclear issues. Since Soustelle fell out with de Gaulle, as that of the Algerian population admitted self-determination, he was sacked from the Cabinet and excluded in 1960 from the Gaullist party UNR. His advocacy for the whereabouts of Algeria within the French state association meant that he (OAS ) was prosecuted as a member of the right armée de l' secrète terrorist organization. As Georges Bidault, also a Compagnon de la Libération, lived Soustelle in 1961 in exile. He was amnestied in 1968, In 1969 he returned to France.

Thrice was Soustelle at the French National Assembly. First, he represented from 1945 to 1946 the constituency Mayenne, 1951-1958 constituency Rhône as a Gaullist from 1973 to 1978 as a non-attached Members. From 1973 he was also a member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe and the Western European Union. In 1983 he was elected to the Académie française.

Works

  • Aimée Algérie et souffrante. Plon, Paris 1956.
  • Envers et contre tout. Souvenirs et documents sur la France libre. Laffront Paris 1947
  • L' Esperance trahie. From 1958 to 1961. Edition de l' Alma, Paris 1962.
  • La famille Otomi - Pame du Mexique Central. Dissertation, University of Paris, 1937.
  • The art of ancient Mexico ( " L' art du Mexique ancien "). Fromm, Osnabrück 1968.
  • Life of the Aztecs. Mexico on the eve of the Spanish Conquest ( " La vie quotidienne à la veille of Aztèques d la conquête espagnoles "). Manesseplatz -Verlag, Zurich 1993, ISBN 3-7175-8086-8.
  • La longue marche d' Israël. Fayard, Paris 1968.
  • Les Maya. Flammarion, Paris, 1982, ISBN 2-08-200446-5.
  • Mexico ( " Mexique "). Heyne, München 1980, ISBN 3-453-35003-0.
  • Les quatre Soleils. Souvenirs d'un et Réflexions Ethnologue en Mexique. Plon, Paris, 1979, ISBN 2-266-01243-6.
  • The dream of the greatness of France. 28 years Gaullismus ( " Vingt- huit ans de gaullisme "). Look - and - image -Verlag, Velbert 1969.
  • The Olmecs. Origins of Mexican civilizations ( " Les Olmèques "). Atlantis -Verlag, Zurich 1980, ISBN 3-7611-0590-8.
  • L' univers of Aztèques. Hermann, Paris, 1986, ISBN 2-7056-5901-3.
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