Jade (river)

Lower reaches of the jade in the Jade community

Template: Infobox River / Obsolete

The Jade is now a 22 km long river in Lower Saxony, Germany. The word "jade" said to have originated from the word " triad " or " vineyard " (= " Bach" ), a term which, in turn, " advised " by the Low German verb ( " crack ") is derived.

Course

The jade is produced in the far northeast of the community Rastede ( district of Ammerland) Hankhauser Moor by the confluence of the Rasteder Bäke and the hill. Its headwaters originate in the hills of the Oldenburg Geest near the northern city limits of Oldenburg; one of the sources is located in the park of Rastede. The Jade flows north, forming Jaderlangstraße at the boundary between the counties Ammer country and Weser march. Then it traverses the municipality named after her Jade. In the last few kilometers upstream of the mouth, the jade forms the county boundary between the provinces of Friesland and the Weser march. The left bank belongs in this section to town of Varel. Behind the big mouth Schöpfwerk Wapelersiel opens the jade in the Jade Bay.

The river and the subsequent sea area

The Jade feeds not nearly as much fresh water into the North Sea as a neighboring river Weser. Therefore, the salt water content of the Jade Bay is only slightly lower than the open North Sea ( is the salinity of the southern bank of the Jade Bay 3.0 percent, the open North Sea 3.5 percent). Therefore, it is problematic to consider Jade in Wilhelmshaven as a continuation of the ( freshwater ) river Jade, but still occasionally done by this section is called "River ( mouth ) " means. The estuary of the Seegewässers Jade is strictly speaking not constitute an estuary, because the jade is north of the Jade Bay no river. Nevertheless, in some texts even in the knowledge that it is not a river mouth, speak of a "Jade estuary ".

History

In the period before the great water ingress the late Middle Ages is a bog " Eddenriad " (also " Eddin Riad " written ) speech, which had been one of the eponymous river, probably the jade, crosses. Its headwaters is described as lying on the border between the Emsgau ( Lengenbach Erland ) and Östringen; the river was not so at that time from the southwest to the northeast, and consequently in its present bed. A wide river that ran from southwest to northeast, named Jade, there were between 1164 ( as a result of Julianenflut on February 17 this year) and 1334.

Until the flood Clemens in 1334 incorporated the headwaters and tributaries of today's Jade east and poured over the Liene in the Lower Weser. The devastating flood was the Frisian bellows (also called " Balje " written ), a funnel-shaped estuary that extended to the vicinity of Rastede. This was the "valley", where today the Jade flows. Silted part of the funnel itself, and partly the sea water was pushed back by Sielbauten. 1523 the southern part of the bellows was recovered; as Sielort the place Jade was founded. More embankments in the following centuries shifted the Jademündung continues northward. Only in 1822 did the dike sluice to its present location Wapelersiel.

The zoom flooding North Sea water was flowing at the time of greatest loss of land in the Weser march across the Frisian bellows east of Rastede by Liene north of Elsfleth into the Weser, so that the water system of the Jade formed part of the Weser River Delta. At high tide the water of the North Sea flowed first on the Jade Bay and the Frisian bellows to the south, then to the east, at low tide only from the lower Weser to the west, then head north into the North Sea. The free flow of water to and from the Weser was stopped in the 16th century by dikes in salt dike so that the Liene largely silted. At the same time as the water of the streams that had previously fed the Liene was diverted to the north. With the tide changing the direction of water movement there is in the catchment area of the Jade However today. The delta of the leftover, today fresh or brackish water leading brooks and channels such as the Dorenebbe can classify both as tributary as well as the bifurcation of the jade. The marshland between Jade and Weser is largely below sea level, so it must be protected from pumping stations from flooding. Their pressure and suction effects in addition prevent stable flow conditions.