Jaffa (Orange)

The Jaffa orange ( pronunciation: [ jaffɐ orɑ ː ʒə ] ), rarely Shamouti - Orange is a sweet, almost seedless varieties of oranges. Originally it was built mid 19th century in Palestine. The fruit has its name from the city of Jaffa, where it was first produced for export. She was one of the three main varieties of oranges that grew in the Middle East. The Jaffa orange is also grown in Cyprus, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon and Turkey. At the time of cooperation in the cultivation and export of oranges they were regarded as a symbol of positive Arab-Jewish relations.

History

In Palestine

The Orange is located at the interface between the continents of Africa, West Asia and Europe. Palestine produced a series of goods for export on the imperial and global distribution networks in the late Islamic period (1200-1900 AD). Among these goods were soap, sugar, barley, Jaffa oranges and cotton.

The Jaffa orange was a new variety for Arab farmer, and later she developed first in emerging countries. Mid-19th century Palestine developed a mutation on a tree of the variety Beladi near the city of Jaffa, while the species of acid orange (C. aurantium ), passed through Arabian merchants in the West. The Jaffa orange emerged from the sweet orange (C. sinensis ), which was also initially brought from China.

Orange growers from Sarona in the plane S ( ch) aron, an agricultural colony of the Temple Society, the first related the hallmark Jaffa Orange for their fruit. The Jaffa orange was brought back in the 1880s for the first time to Florida in the United States by the HS Sanford. Jewish immigrants to Palestine, the Jaffa orange took her to a variety, which were cultivated by Arab peasants;

" The cultivation of oranges, was introduced by the Arabs before the beginning of the Jewish settlement, which has contributed to a very large part as a result of this settlement. There is no doubt that the pitch of perfection of the technique of transplanting and maintaining the Orange were brought to Palestine created by the Scientific Methods of Jewish agriculturists. "

By 1939, the combined Jewish and Arab orange groves in Palestine amounted to a total of 75,000 acres (300 km ²), about 100,000 people were employed and the products were a priority export business. During the Second World War (1939-1945), the local agriculture sank into depression. After the war was followed by a recovery, with strong support from the British Mandate administration.

In Israel

Jaffa oranges are harvested in Israel from November to March, the marketing season starts in September and runs through to April. More than half of the annual harvest is exported. Israel is among other things one of the most important provider of citrus fruits in the European Union. In the 1950s and 1960s, Jaffa oranges emblems of the Israeli state. A general decline of agriculture in the Israeli economy, limits of available water resources and the dependence on migrant labor has reduced the economic importance of the Orange production. Despite an increasing share of the manufacturing industry, such as diamonds and finishing Präzisionsinstrumentenbau, Israel will still continue to export a large number of citrus fruits to Europe. The film Jaffa - The Orange 's Clockwork describes the systematic creation of a legend. It shows Israeli and Palestinian intellectuals and members of the citrus industry, old photos, early film footage, commercials and posters, political posters, and paintings on the fruit. You remember, reflect and analyze the example of Jaffa oranges their own history and their country. The flavor of Jaffa oranges is the most popular Israeli spirit, the Sabra liqueur used.