James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth
James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, (* April 9, 1649; † July 15, 1685 in London) was an illegitimate son of King Charles II of England, English pretender to the throne, commander and leader of the Monmouth Rebellion.
Life
James sprang from a compound of the Prince of Wales Charles and the Scottish nobles Lucy Walter. He was born in Rotterdam and grew to nine years in the care of his mother. During this time he learned neither teaching nor education.
In the summer of 1656 Lucy Walter traveled with their children James and Mary of Den Haag back to England. The family was arrested immediately after their arrival by the emissaries of Oliver Cromwell and taken to a prison. With their arrest, Lucy Walter was first officially as " wife and mistress of Charles Stuart " ( "the wife and mistress of Charles Stuart " ) refers to what should be the rumor about a secret wedding between Charles II and Lucy food later.
Lucy Walter managed to be released from prison with their children, and traveled back to The Hague. Lord Theobald Taafe, an intermediary between Lucy and Charles II, secured her to a regular pension payment, especially to their son James to supply.
James was nine years old illiterate, did not know how they had to behave in a normal society, and was considered wild. Furthermore, it was not conducive to his future to continue to live with his mother, whose reputation was now damaged and their devastating house unofficially acted as a brothel in Brussels. Lucy handed James the care of his father. Charles II appointed a tutor who should teach and educate James from 1658. He saw his mother ever again.
1662 he came to England, there to be recognized by the king as a son and to obtain the title of Duke of Monmouth. Charles II James never made his heir apparent and also denied all his life to have been married to James' mother. The rumors of a marriage yet never ceased, although no marriage certificate was found. In 1663 he married Anne Scott, 4th Countess of Buccleuch, and was shortly afterwards appointed by his father to the Duke of Buccleuch. His father he owed his rapid career in the military. 1668 one made him captain and already in 1674 the commander of the British army. He was also rumored to have an affair with the long-time mistress of his father, Barbara Villiers.
After the death of his father, he claimed, instead of his uncle, James II, to the throne. He triggered the Monmouth Rebellion. His troops were defeated and bloody in the village of Sedgemoor on 6 July 1685.
James Scott. 1st Duke of Monmouth and Buccleuch, was caught when fleeing from the battlefield and finally executed on July 15, 1685 Tower Hill to London by Jack Ketch. 80 of his followers were executed in 1685 ( in the so-called " Bloody Assizes " under Judge George Jeffreys in Maumbury Rings ) in Dorchester.
Progeny
From his 1663 marriage to Anna closed, daughter and heiress of Francis Scott, 2nd Earl of Buccleuch:
- Charles (1672-1674), Earl of Dalkeith
- James Scott (1674-1705), Earl of Doncaster and Dalkeith
- Henry (1676-1730), Earl of Deloraine
- Charlotte ( † 1683)
- Francis (1678-1679)
Illegitimate children from the connection with Eleanor, daughter of Sir Robert Needham
- James Crofts
- Eleanor Crofts
- Henrietta Crofts, married to Charles Paulet, 2nd Duke of Bolton
Literary processing and fiction
- Theodor Fontane: song of the James Monmouth. In: Walter Keitel (Ed.): ballads, songs, sayings. Occasional poems. Early poems. Try and fragments. 3rd edition. Hanser, Munich 1995, ISBN 3-446-11456-4, ( Complete Works. Division 1, Volume 6 ), p 99
- One hypothesis says that the man in the iron mask was the Duke of Monmouth was. On the conjecture out James II would not have his own nephew, who rebelled against him, put to death in 1685, but replaced it with another. This hypothesis seems an effort to spring, be sure to present an Englishman as candidates.