Jankel Adler

Jankel Adler ( born July 26, 1895 in Tuszyn, † April 25, 1949 in Aldbourne in London; actually Yankel Adler ) was a Polish painter and engraver of the Jewish faith. He belonged to the outlawed and persecuted by Nazism artists.

Life

Adler was born the seventh of ten children in Tuszyn and grew up in the world of Hasidic Judaism. In 1912 he began an apprenticeship as an engraver with his uncle in Belgrade. After traveling through the Balkans, he moved to Germany in 1914 and first lived with his sister in Barmen. There he studied at the art school in the painting class at Gustav Wiethüchter. From 1918 to 1919 he went back to Lodz. There he co-founded the avant-garde group of artists young Yiddish and exhibited at Stowarzyszenie Artystów i Zwolenników Sztuk Pieknych. In 1920, he stayed on for a short time in Berlin. In 1921 he returned to Barmen, where he was a member of the artists group Die Wupper. In 1922, he moved for several years his residence to Dusseldorf. Here he became a teacher at the Art Academy, learned met Paul Klee and joined like this, the artist group The Young Rhineland to. In 1928 he received the Golden Medal of the German Art Exhibition Dusseldorf for his picture cats. 1929 and 1930 he was on study trips to Mallorca and mainland Spain.

On the advice of friends he left in 1933, after the handover of power to the National Socialists, Germany and lived first in Paris. Numerous tours have taken him in the next few years to Poland, Italy, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Romania and the Soviet Union.

1939, with the outbreak of World War II, he volunteered for the Polish armed forces, which were set up in France, and came with these on the retreat to Scotland. In 1941 he had to be released on medical parole. He then lived in Kirkcudbright in Scotland. In 1943 he moved to London.

After the war, he learned that none of his nine siblings had survived the Holocaust. On April 25, 1949, he died at the age of 53 years.

Outlawry and confiscation

As early as 1933 were shown at the Kunsthalle in Mannheim as "degenerate" two kulturbolschewistische of eagle images in the first Femeausstellung the Nazis images. In the "degenerate art " in 1937 were 25 of his works from public collections, including the National Gallery in Berlin and the Museum Folkwang Essen, seized and four of them presented in the eponymous exhibition in Munich. In the same year also The Eternal Jew in the German Museum in Munich have been used two of his paintings in the exhibition. Fourteen of these confiscated works are listed in the database for asset seizure "Degenerate Art" at the Free University of Berlin.

Work

Jankel Adler was heavily influenced by Pablo Picasso and Fernand Léger. His image structure is usually strict. With colors and materials he went to experiment, he used as sand admixtures. The paint was often pasty, the images surfaces were something like sgraffito. The subjects of his pictures are often of Jewish origin. He also painted a few abstract compositions.

  • Two girls / mother and daughter in 1927, oil on canvas, 150 x 100 cm; 1929 purchased for the Kunsthalle Mannheim, sold there in 1937 as a "degenerate" confiscated, later, now privately owned
  • Self-portrait, 1926, mixed media on canvas, Von der Heydt - Museum, Wuppertal.
  • Portrait of Else Lasker-Schüler 1924, oil on canvas, 151 × 75 cm; 1926 purchased by the Art Association of Barmen in 1937 confiscated as "degenerate", bought back in 1986 by the Von-der- Heydt - Museum Wuppertal
  • Sabbath 1927-1928, oil and sand on canvas, 120 × 110 cm, Jewish Museum Berlin
  • No Men 's Land in 1943, oil on canvas, 86 × 111 cm, Tate Collection London, illustration
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