Jánský vrch

The Janský Vrch Castle ( German Johannesberg, also Johannisberg ) in Javorník ( German Jauernig ) was until 1945 the summer residence of the bishops of Breslau. It is the only publicly accessible historical monument in 2002 resolved Okres Jeseník in the Czech Republic.

History

The original castle was built in the second half of the 13th century in a strategic point above Jauernig ( Javorník ). The first written record dates back to 1307, was mentioned as Duke Bolko I of Schweidnitz as the owner. 1348 the castle was sold by Bolko II of Schweidnitz to the Breslau Bishop Preczlaw of Pogarell and thus part of the episcopal principality of Neisse.

In 1428 the castle was badly damaged and conquered by the Hussites. Bishop Konrad von Oels she bought in 1432 for a large sum back. Further destruction resulting from the demolition of the defense system, which the bishop wanted to prevent the castle conquered again and could become the seat of hostile forces.

Under Bishop John IV Roth of the reconstruction of the castle began in the Renaissance style. The name Johannes Berg ( Janský Vrch ) it was however of the successor, Bishop John V. Thurzos, who completed the conversion and this made ​​two in the workshop of Francesco Fiorentino in Kremsier stone tablets documented in the castle wall. To Thurzos times the castle was a meeting place for artists and scholars, which included the Canon of Thorn, Nicholas Copernicus.

The Thirty Years' War the castle survived undamaged. About the death of the second half of the 17th century resident infamous castle captain Johann Tümling the lots of legends that it was said to be the devil himself, who Tümling have thrown against the castle wall.

The conversion into a baroque palace began under the bishop Philipp Gotthard Schaffgotsch who lived after his escape in 1766 from the Prussian captivity until his death at the castle, which was a meeting place for artists from all over the empire at that time. 1766 appointed Schaffgotsch the composer, violinist and conductor Carl Ditter von Dittersdorf to his castle Kapellmeister. During his thirty years' residence Ditters composed forty of his comic operas.

The successor creators Gotschs, Prince-Bishop Franz Joseph Christian of Hohenlohe- Waldenburg - Bartenstein, Johannesberg completed to its present form, and also had an ornamental garden and create a landscaped park.

Cardinal Melchior Diepenbrock was a poet of the South German Romanticism. Lived in the time of Archbishop Heinrich Förster and wrote poetry of Eichendorff 1856-1857, one of the most important representatives of Romanticism. As the son of the captain of the castle Zedlitz poet was a frequent guest at Johannesberg.

From 1881 to 1883, the writer and editor of Frankenstein Minster Berger newspaper Friedrich Wilhelm Helle was a guest of Prince Bishop at Schloss Johannesberg, after the militant Catholic Prussia had left due to a pending prosecution for "insulting the Old Catholicism and Protestantism ." The bishop encouraged the work on his masterpiece Jesus Messiah annually with 1500 florins.

Last residents and administrators of the castle were the Cardinals Georg von Kopp and Adolf Bertram, who lived after the evacuation of Breslau until his death on July 6, 1945 in the palace and its remains were reburied after the political changes of 1989 in the Wrocław Cathedral.

In 1948, the confiscation of the property of the domain goods of the diocese of Breslau, whose Directorate Freiwaldau exactly 200 years had its headquarters at Schloss Johannesberg was.

Museum

Many rooms of the castle have yet to historical paintings and tapestries.

Particularly valuable is the late Gothic sculptures of St. apply. Barbara, St.. Helena and the Virgin Mary from 1491.

The altar of the chapel is a work by Dutch masters from the early 17th century.

Also, the chateau has an extensive collection of paintings, musical instruments and other artifacts from the collection of the Wroclaw bishops.

The museum's centerpiece is a unique collection of approximately 2000 tobacco pipes, in particularly artful objects made ​​of porcelain and sepiolite ( meerschaum ) are located. It is the largest collection of its kind in Central Europe.