Japanese House of Councillors election, 1947
The Sangiin - election in 1947, the " first formally regular election of Sangiinabgeordneten " (Japanese第1回 参议院 议员 通常 选 挙, dai -ik -kai Sangiin Giin tsūjō Senkyo ), the Japanese councils House ( Sangiin ), the House of Lords ( join) of the National Parliament ( Kokkai ) took place on 20 April 1947 instead. Five days later, on April 25, was also the Shūgiin, the lower house, newly elected. The developed by the Allied and Japanese politicians Besatzungebehörden new constitution should come into force in May 1947: it was the previous House of Lords, the Kizokuin ( mansion ), was abolished and replaced by the selected Sangiin. 150 deputies were elected 100 more in a nationwide constituency ( Zenkoku -ku ) in the prefectures.
The election in 1947 was the only choice Sangiin in which all members were elected at the same time. But twice as many deputies were in all constituencies, including the nationwide constituency determined as in later years, by simple non- transferable vote, with half of the candidates with the highest shares of votes for six, that was chosen with lower shares of votes for three years. In Gifu, where only two candidates for two seats were available and thus held no vote, the terms of office were drawn.
Prime Minister Yoshida Shigeru's conservative-liberal Liberal Party of Japan represented the government, the main opposition parties were also the Civil Democratic Party of Ashida Hitoshi and the Socialist Party of Japan under Tetsu Katayama.
Were entitled to vote approximately 40 million Japanese men and women over 20 years. The Ryukyu Islands ( Okinawa ) stood as the Amami Islands ( Kagoshima ) and the Ogasawara Islands (Tokyo) under U.S. administration and did not participate in the election.
Result
The turnout was 61.12 % in the prefectures and 60.93 % in the national constituency.
Constituencies
Through the selection mode ( a common choice for both halves of the house) the opportunities for small parties to win seats were higher than in subsequent elections. 331 candidates competed for the 150 seats in the prefectural constituencies.
For the 100 seats in the national constituency who applied a total of 258 candidates - twelve of them withdrew before election day. Elected with the highest vote share (top Tōsen ), the pharmaceutical entrepreneur Hoshi Hajime ( Democratic Party, later Kokumin Minshutō, " People's Democratic Party"), the nation's received 487 612 votes. The lowest ( 50 ) votes aliquot sufficient for a choice of six years, was 123 679 for Okamoto Aisuke ( Unabh., after the election Ryokufūkai ). The 100th (last ) deputy for three years was with 68 128 votes Kunii Jun'ichi ( Unabh., later Kokumin Minshutō ) selected.
- Liberal Party of Japan
- Socialist Party of Japan
- Democratic Party
- Kokumi Kyodo -tō
- Japanese Communist Party
- Other
- Independent
First line: until 1953, second line: to 1950
Effects
The Socialist Party of Japan ( SPJ ) emerged as the strongest party in the elections. Since the SPJ and five days later won the election Shūgiin, Yoshida Shigeru no longer stood for the post of Prime Minister and the SPJ - chairman Tetsu Katayama was elected Prime Minister. He formed a coalition government with the Democratic Party of Ashida Hitoshi and Kokumin - Kyodo -tō by Miki Takeo.
The majority of the Sangiin presented independent MPs, including former members of the Kizokuin. Many of them joined together to Ryokufūkai, long the strongest group formed later with over 90 MPs in the chamber. Your belonged also the first president of the Sangiin, Matsudaira Tsuneo, to. Promoted to Vice President Matsumoto Jiichirō ( SPJ ) has been selected.