Jean Marc Gaspard Itard
Jean Marc Gaspard Itard ( born April 24, 1774 Oraison, Alpes -de -Haute -Provence, † July 5, 1838 in Paris) was a French physician and deaf teachers.
Life
From large middle-class family coming to Itard spent in 1796, after completing his medical studies, first of surgery. In 1800, he took over the post of chief physician at the later Imperial Deaf Institute in Paris. That same year he met there know his most famous students: Victor, the so-called " savage of Aveyron ," a wild child of eleven or twelve years, which had been in 1799 in the forest of Caune (Aveyron ), completely naked and wild picked up and the dramatic fate of his time caused great public attention. In two famous opinions from the years 1801 and 1806 documented and justified Itard its multi-year teaching and educational experiments. As a respected physician Itard received in the morning his private patients and evening went on his activities in the Taubstummenanstalt after.
In 1821 he became a member of the Académie de Médicine. Also in 1821 he published his Treatise on the Diseases of the ear and hearing ( Traité des maladies de l' oreille et de l' audition, Paris), which made him the recognized pioneer of Oto-Rhino - Laryngology ( Oto -Rhino- Laryngology ). Through his educational work with Viktor and numerous treatises on elocution and informing the Deaf Itard was at the same time as a precursor of education for the deaf and the mentally handicapped.
The methods developed by Itard and didactic materials were later elaborated by his student Edouard Séguin to a complete theory of education. Conveys and z.T. modified by the work of Maria Montessori are enjoying these didactic materials, such as Steckbrettchen or insert cylinder, especially in kindergartens and in primary and special schools until today very popular.
Works
- Opinion on the first developments of Victor of Aveyron (1801 ); In: Malson et al 1972, 114-163
- Report on the development of Victor of Aveyron (1806/1807); In: Malson et al 1972, 164-220
- Traité des maladies de l' oreille et de l' audition (1821 ), 2 vols; ( Méquignon Marvis ) Paris
- Victor, the wild child of Aveyron, with introd u Nachw v. Jacob Lutz; ( Red apple ) Stuttgart 1967
- Lucien Malson (ed.), The wild children; ( Suhrkamp ) Frankfurt q.s. 1972
Reception in the Art
The French film The Wolf Boy of the director François Truffaut based on Itard observations of Victor of Aveyron. TC Boyle's short story The Wild Child ( 2010) describes the failure of Itard educational efforts to integrate the "wolf boy " in the society.