Joan I of Navarre
Joan I of Navarre ( born January 14, 1273 Bar-sur -Seine, † April 2, 1305 in Vincennes ) was in its own right from 1274 to 1305 Countess of Champagne and Queen of Navarre, and by her marriage to Philip IV the Beautiful 1285-1305 Queen of France.
Life
She was the only surviving child of King Henry I of Navarre, when Henry III. Count of Champagne was, and his wife Blanche d' Artois from the Capetian dynasty.
Johanna spent only 5 years in the then capital of Navarra, Pamplona.
At the age of a few months, she was the English Crown Prince Heinrich promised marriage.
After the death of Henry in 1274 there were riots in Navarra and external threats, so that her mother Johanna and under the protection of the French king Philip III and relatives. presented. Philip presented the peace by invading his troops in Navarre restored.
Johanna was the future in Paris together with the sons of Philip III. reared.
Since no male heir to the throne was already present, married Philip, the 11 -year-old Johanna on August 16, 1284 in Paris with his son Philip the Fair. The House of Capet came into the possession of all the titles and estates of the ruling house of Navarre and Champagne.
Although their marriage as a contractual consideration for the military intervention of France came, they seemed still to have been happy, because Philip married in the 9 years after Joan's death until his own death in 1314 not again, although at that time with a skillful marriage a great material and political gain was achieved.
After the death of his father on a campaign in October 1286, Philip IV and Joan were crowned in Reims. So she was 13 years old Queen of France.
Johanna accompanied her husband often in his travels through France, but took little political influence on him. In contrast, dealt extensively with the management of their ancestral territories in the Champagne and Navarre. Johanna's marriage and the consequent strengthening of the French authority in Champagne, urged the neighboring Count Henry III. of bar in an alliance with the King of England. Remembered as the Count of Bar in the Champagne pulled him against Johanna, beat him in a battle of Commines ( 1297 ) and took him prisoner. They conquered Navarre back from the Spanish neighbors and ensured a lasting peace there.
Joan of Navarre died in 1305 at the age of 32 years at Vincennes and was buried in Paris at Couvent des Cordeliers, the monastery of the Friars of St. Francis of Assisi in the monastery church, which burned down in 1580.
In connection with Joan's death, the bishop of Troyes was accused but not convicted. The physician of the Queen was the inventor Guido da Vigevano.
1304 the Queen had asked the Parisian palace, she possessed in the rue Saint -André- des-Arts, which was founded by her foundation of the Collège de Navarre available, the students not only from the Champagne and Navarre, but regardless of any social and country of origin mannschaftlicher recorded. End of the 14th century the College was located at the north end of today's rue Descartes.
1305 she asked the Sire de Joinville, Jean, who was Seneschal of Champagne, its officers, a biography of King Louis IX. the saints, the grandfather of her husband to write.
Progeny
Joan of Navarre and Philippe IV witnessed seven children, of whom three sons and one daughter survived to adulthood:
- Margarete (* probably in 1288; † after 1294 and before 1300 )
- Louis X of the Brawler ( born October 4, 1289 † June 5, 1316 ), 1314-1316 King of France
- Blanka ( probably * 1290, † 1314? )
- Philip V the Tall (* 1291, † January 3, 1322 ), 1316-1322 King of France
- Isabella ( * 1292, † November 21, 1357 ), known as the " she-wolf of France ( Louve de France) " ⚭ on 22 January 1308, King Edward II of England