Johan Storm

Johan Storm, Johan Frederik Storm Breda, (* November 24, 1836 in Blakar in Lom, † October 26, 1920 in Kristiania ) was a Norwegian linguist.

Life

His parents were the priest Ole Johan Storm (1806-1850) and his wife Hanna Jørgine Mathilde Breda ( 1815-69 ). On July 21, 1865, he married in Stavanger Louise Juliane Christiane Bruun (3 March 1840-14. December 1927 ), daughter of the pastor Christian Constantius Henrik Bruun ( 1812-1877 ) and his wife Christiane Plesner ( 1801-1885 ).

Storm grew up partly in Rendal, partly in Lardal on. After the death of the father, the mother moved with the children to Christiania. There he went to the cathedral school, where at that time Knud Knudsen, whose fiercest political opponents said Storm was later head teacher was, and put the exam of Arts from 1855. He began to study science, but then switched to philology and put 1864 state exam. Some years he was then skole teacher at the Aars og Voss. 1869 to 1870 he was a scholarship on a trip to the UK, France, Italy and Spain. In 1873 he became Professor of Romance and English Philology at the University of Christiania. His particular interest was the phonetics. He was among the first to speaking and debate on a subject of instruction made ​​at the university. He spoke the English accent like a native. His teaching method also led to the reform of the English- and French teaching at the high school. He was among those who introduced the " Phonetic direction " into European linguistics. His textbooks, which laid the emphasis on speaking a language have been translated into many languages. In many countries, French was taught by his textbook.

Storm knew the Norwegian debate very closely, both in the dialects as well as in the general language. After Knud Knudsen in 1856 wrote his first systematic presentation of the rules governing the distribution of the two Norwegian word tones, Storm went ahead and explored the musical nature of intonation in the Scandinavian languages ​​in his article Tale og i Accent Committed til Sang. In the 1880s, he developed a phonetic alphabet to the transcript of dialects. It is with changes still in use today. For this work he traveled around a lot in the country and examined many dialects. When he came to West - Telemark, he found the best pronunciation, which he had heard so far. Only a small part of its records has been published. His plan to write a Norwegian language history, failed in the financing. But later he wrote in-depth studies on the Norwegian Bible language and the language of the older and newer fiction, especially the language of Ibsen. He it was strongly committed in the former language dispute. He held Ivar Aasen for a brilliant researcher, but thought nothing of Landsmål, that was a arbitrary and artificial composite dialect language in his eyes and will therefore not prevail. He had nothing for the " style -less language mishmash " left, began to Knud Knudsen. He said Knudsen go to his unrealistic language structure " like a madman straight ". Regardless of the obstacles which would lie in the way He disliked particularly the haste with which the reform process was continued. His most important contribution in the language policy discussion was his two -volume work on the Norwegian orthography. He did not turn the Norwegianization as such contrary to, but he said that it had always been a dangerous experiment, when the school of natural language development prejudge. The generating resistance, strife and division. He wanted a moderately reformed spelling, insert in the literature and the daily spoken language general.

In the later development of textbooks Storm was the loser. There were other, Moltke Moe and his successors, the specific language policy of the future. But the language policy rate change, which undertook the government into the 21st century, Storm has rehabilitated to some extent: The state-mandated Norwegianization had not yielded the desired results.

Johan Storm was since 1872 a member of the Videnskabs -Selskabet in Christiania (now the Norwegian Academy of Science ) and from many foreign scientific academies. He was also an honorary doctorate from the University of Edinburgh. In 1889 he was 1st class knight of St Olav's Order and was given in 1904 the Commander's Cross.

Writings

  • "Tale og i Accent Committed til Sang ". (Speaking and accent in relation to singing ) In: Illustreret Nyhedsblad 9, No. 40, pp. 169-170, and No. 42, pp. 177-178. 1860
  • De romanske Sprog og Folk. Skildringer fra s study tour med offentligt scholarship. ( The Romance languages ​​and peoples. Descriptions of a study trip with public scholarship) 1871
  • Remarques sur les Voyelles atones you latin, the dialectes italiques et de l' italy. Paris 1873
  • Om Tonefaldet ( Tonelaget ) i de Skandinaviske Sprog. Reprinted from the proceedings of the Christiania Videnskabs - Selskab of 1874. 1875.
  • Det norske Maalstræv. Reprint of Letterstedtske Nordisk Tidskrift 1, Stockholm 1878.
  • Engelsk Filologi, 1879 ( German edition Heilbronn 1881, 2nd edition in Vol 2, Leipzig 1892-96 )
  • " K. Knudsen: Unorsk og norsk. " (K. Knudsen: Unnorwegisch and Norwegian) In: Morgenbladet Nos. 36a, 42a, 43a, 62a and 63a. 1881
  • Norvegia. Tidsskrift for det norske Folks Maal og Minder ( Norvegia. Journal of the language and memories of the Norwegian people ) ( together with Moltke Moe ), vol. 1 ( the only one that has been published ), 1884
  • Franske Taleøvelser. En systematisk fremstilling af det franske Talesprog gjennem Samtaler af det daglige Liv, ordnede efter grammars. Mellemtrin. ( French Language Exercises A systematic presentation of the French language through conversations of daily life, according to the grammar intermediate level.. ) Copenhagen 1887 ( Danish Edition Copenhagen 1887 Swedish edition Stockholm 1887 Dutch edition Groningen 1888; German edition Bielefeld / Leipzig 1888; Finnish edition Porvoo in 1889, English Edition London / New York 1892)
  • Det nynorske Landsmaal. En Undersøgelse. Copenhagen 1888 ( preprint Morgenbladet 1886)
  • " Norsk Sprogudvikling " ( language development of the Norwegian ) Morgenbladet Special Issue 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 15, 17, 20 og 22, 1895
  • Norsk Sprog. Kraakemaal above Landsmaal ( The Norwegian language. Gibberish and Landsmål ). Copenhagen 1896
  • Franske Taleøvelser. Høiere Trin ( French language exercises. Senior ) Copenhagen 1897 ( Swedish edition Stockholm 1897)
  • Retskrivning Norsk (Norwegian spelling ) 2 Vol 3, 1904-1906
  • Ibsen og det norske Sprog. ( Ibsen and the Norwegian language ). In: Festschrift for Henrik Ibsen. Bergen 1898. S. 147-205.
  • Norsk Lydskrift med Omrids af Fonetiken (Norwegian phonetics and outline of phonetics ), 1908 ( preprint in Norvegia 1884, pp. 19-132. )
  • Storre fransk syntax ( Larger French syntax) Vol 1-3, 1911-1919.

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