Johann Beckmann

Johann Beckmann ( born June 4, 1739 Hoya, † February 3, 1811 in Göttingen ) was a German scientist in the Age of Enlightenment. His main work was aimed at the creation of a general technology as a holistic science of the technology and its applications. The term "technology" was introduced in 1772 by him. He is also the founder of Silo and the critical art history as well as one of the fathers of Agricultural Sciences.

Life and work

Beckmann was born in 1739 in Hoya on the Weser. He attended the public Latin School, the high school, he took off in Stade. From 1759, he studied theology, mathematics, physics and natural philosophy at the Georg- August-Universität Göttingen. Study tours have taken him to some of the most important universities in Europe at that time.

From 1763 Beckmann was a professor of physics and natural history at the Lutheran High School in St. Petersburg. In 1765 he went to Sweden, where he was in Uppsala, inter alia, student Carl Linnaeus. In 1766 he was appointed associate professor of world wisdom (philosophy) at the University of Gottingen. In 1770 he was also appointed in Göttingen as a regular professor of economics and a member of the Royal Academy of Sciences. 1771 Beckmann was inducted into the Leopoldina.

In his lectures on the economics Beckmann combined theory and practice by he illustrated the path of a product from raw material to processing and sale and proper use. Soon he was so famous that students from all parts of Europe - attended his lectures in Göttingen - among them Alexander von Humboldt. His main findings he published in 1769 in the textbook Principles of teutschen agriculture. This work, which went through six editions, is considered the most important agricultural college textbook that time, Beckmann had thereby created an independent academic teaching building for agriculture. Its importance lies in the introduction of a methodology that assigns the traditional knowledge and experience in agriculture, including scientific knowledge, systematized and classified.

Key performance Beckmann is the rationale of the science of technology. To this end, he systematically investigated craft activities according to engineering principles to describe how let through the use of appropriate methods and tools make production more efficient.

The reconnaissance has been added to the local Masonic Lodge on November 26, 1762 in Leiden, the Netherlands.

In honor of Beck 's high school in his hometown of Hoya in 2000 to the name Johann Beckmann Gymnasium ( JBG ) was baptized.

Works

  • About setting up the oeconomischen lectures. Göttingen 1767th
  • Instructions to technology. Göttingen 1777, 5th edition 1809.
  • Contributions to the history of inventions. 5 volumes, Leipzig and Göttingen from 1780 to 1805.
  • Draft algemeinen technology. Leipzig and Göttingen 1806.
  • Guideline for action science. Göttingen 1789.
  • Preparation for Waarenkunde. 2 volumes, Göttingen 1795 until 1800.
  • Physico- oeconomische library. 23 volumes of Göttingen from 1770 to 1807.
  • Principles of teutschen agriculture. Göttingen in 1769; further editions in 1775, 1783, 1790, 1802 and 1806.
  • Contributions to Oeconomie, Technology, Polizey and Cameralwissenschaft. 12 volumes of Göttingen from 1777 to 1791.
  • Instruction to perform the calculations of small households. Göttingen 1797, 2nd edition 1802.
  • Literature of the older travelogues. 2 volumes, 1808-1810.
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