Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach
Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach since 1696 ( born July 20, 1656 in Graz, † April 5, 1723 in Vienna ) was an Austrian architect of the Baroque.
Life
Fischer learned the craft of the sculptor of his father, the sculptor Johann Baptist Grazer fishermen.
Between 1670/1671 and 1686 he lived in Rome, where he frequented the circle of the former Queen and major art collector Christine of Sweden. Also Philipp Schor, in whose workshop he worked, and Gian Lorenzo Bernini he met there. He made it familiar with ancient and contemporary Roman Baroque architecture. From the sculpture he was always more about the architecture and worked since 1688 only as an architect. In 1682 he was demonstrably working for the Spanish king in Naples. In 1686 he came to Graz, where he was awarded the contract for the Stuckierung the mausoleum Ferdinand II. In 1688 he came to Vienna and became a teacher of the young heir, Joseph, on the occasion of his coronation in 1690 Roman-German king, he designed two triumphal arches.
For the imperial house he designed in 1688 a visionary ideal plan for Schönbrunn, the 1696 was followed by a completely new concept. After several modifications but this are also only get fragments. He also worked at the Vienna palace of the noble families Strattmann and Batthyány.
1693 to 1699 he built churches in Salzburg 4, Collegiate Church, Ursuline church, Holy Trinity Church and the Church of John Hospital in Mülln. In addition, he began in 1698 with the first phase of the city palace of Prince Eugene, ( especially remarkable the portal and the stairwell are ) he lost in 1700 to Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt this order.
In 1705 he was appointed inspector general of all court and lust building, this farmstead was followed initially no works. Only in 1709 could the Bohemian Court Chancellery in Wipplingerstraße be started in Vienna. It is the only building with a triangular pediment on which was intended from the beginning a sloping roof. In 1721 he published his architecture major theoretical work, a collection of engravings in folio format with the title Entwurff A Historic Architectur ( as the title). Fischer had worked according to their own information 16 years on it. He was an excellent draftsman, who gave his equally excellent engravers class templates. Three sections of the collection, include representations of important buildings of the past, starting with the Seven Wonders of the World. The source location was often deficient, Fischer had to close many gaps in our knowledge by fanciful additions. Unless it was China that China reports Joan Nieuhofs served him as a model. In the fourth section, he presented his own work. The work is considered the first universal architectural history of the world, with historical and archaeological fidelity were not the primary goal. Fischer's collection of engravings was not aimed at an objective representation of the world history of architecture, but it was in the service of resurgent Habsburg Empire, as the court architect Fischer the splendor of imperial construction legitimized by carefully selected examples of history.
In 1715 he was able to win the competition for the construction of Charles Church, among others, against Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt. This multi-layered building whose facade looks towards the Hofburg, is considered his major work. The church is dedicated to St. Charles Borromeo, the patron saint of the plague and patron of Emperor Charles VI .. Fischer processed in the draft Karlskirche variety of historical models, as well as the Column of Trajan in Rome, and combined them with modern architectural means. After his death in 1723 his son Joseph Emanuel took over the unfinished projects, notably the St. Charles Church, whose consecration took place in 1737.
Finally, he was still orders at the Hofburg Palace, including the stables and the court library were planned by him. The Court Library conforms to the current State Hall of the Austrian National Library, and was originally planned as a freestanding building.
Fischer von Erlach was married twice, his first wife, from 1690 with the Regensburg notary daughter Sophie Constantia Morgner, with whom he had four children. In 1705 he married again, Francisca Sophia, nee Lechner, widowed Willer. However, this second marriage was a disappointment for him, as the wife left her husband aging, so this still in 1723 wrote in his will that he would disinherit her.
In 1875 ( 10th District ) were named the Erlachgasse and Erlachplatz after the architect in Vienna favorites.
Importance
Fischer von Erlach is one of the outstanding architects of his time, but in the Austrian architecture, not least, remains isolated because of its neo-classical orientation. Its design language is quiet and monumental - ornaments come back against an emphasis on architectural harmony. Where he continued projects of other architects, as the Palais Schwarzenberg, which he took over from Hildebrandt, one can observe that he unified the facade. He approached with increasing age, more and more Western European (especially French ) architecture. Probably for this reason, he has remained (unlike his contemporary Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt), apart from his son, without a successor.
From " Entwurff A Historic Architectur "
From " Entwurff A Historic Architectur "
Works
(Selection)
- Stables building for Castle Lednice in Moravia.
- High altar of the basilica in Mariazell
- " Ancestral hall " in the Althan Frain an der Thaya
- City Clam-Gallas Palace in Prague - Old Town
- Design for Golden Sun monstrance from Loretto in Prague - Hradcany
- Designs and first building of Schönbrunn Palace
- Gold castle in Murstetten
- City palace Strattmann in Vienna
- Hunting lodge Starhemberg in Niederweiden
- Johann Spital church with adjoining hospital in Salzburg
- Collegiate Church in Salzburg
- Holy Trinity Church in Salzburg
- Ursuline Church and Monastery in Salzburg
- Facade of Hofmarstalles and Winter Riding School in Salzburg (now part of the festival halls )
- Taken over the city palace of Prince Eugene, of Hildebrandt
- Palais Schönborn- Batthyány at Freyung in Vienna
- Kleßheim Palace in Salzburg
- Bohemian Court Chancellery in Vienna
- Garden Palace Trautson in Vienna-Neubau
- Karlskirche in Vienna
- Court Library in Vienna
- Winter Riding School of the Hofburg in Vienna
- Pilgrimage Church of Maria Kirchental
- Elector chapel of Wroclaw Cathedral