Johann David Heinichen
Johann David Heinichen ( born April 17, 1683 Krössuln; † July 16, 1729 in Dresden ) was a German composer and music theorist.
Life
Heinichen received his first music lessons from his father, David Heinichen (1652-1719), who was in Krössuln since 1674 pastor. The age of 13 led Heinichen own compositions on villages in the area.
On March 30, 1696 he entered the Leipzig Thomas school. Here he received a grammar school education and comprehensive music lessons. Under the direction of Thomas cantor Johann Schelle (1648-1701), Thomas students sang weekly at the Leipzig main churches. In Schelles successor Johann Kuhnau (1660-1722) together with Christoph Graupner (1683-1760) took Heinichen private organ and harpsichord lessons, and composition lessons.
From 1702 to 1705 Heinichen studied law in Leipzig. During this time he played in the run by Georg Philipp Telemann Collegium Musicum and was also involved in performances of the existing 1693 Leipzig Opera House.
While still a student applied Heinichen by the office of director of music at the Leipzig New Church, which had Telemann exercised to 1705, but received Melchior Hoffmann the post.
Whether Heinichen has subsequently settled in White Rock as a lawyer, can not be documented. However, it is noticeable that he was in contact with the forces acting on the Weissenfels court Johann Philipp Krieger (1649-1725) and Gottfried Grünewald. Probably Heinichen was also known to the originating from Teuchern composer Reinhard Keiser ( 1674-1739 ).
On behalf of Samuel Ernst Dobrichts, the Leipzig opera director, composer Heinichen following, only fragmentary partly operas: The Pleasant fraud or the Carnival of Venice ( 1709), Hercules, The Libyan Thalestris (1709 ) (?). The latter was found again recently as score and is considered up to now as the only complete surviving opera of the Leipzig Opera House from the Baroque period. In addition, he took over the leadership of Johann Friedrich Fasch 1708 the newly founded Collegium Musicum in Lehman niche coffee market and wrote the music treatise reinvented and thorough instruction ... to perfect learning of the General - bass, which was published in 1711 and in the circle of fifths ( in 1710 was developed and published ), which is based on Heinichen thoughts integrated.
1709 was the Duke Moritz Wilhelm Heinichen employment of Saxe- Zeitz. Completely preserved as the only opera from this period - - In the Naumburg Opera House Heinichen operas Olympic vendicata ( 1709) and came the happy love change or Paris and Helen (1710 ) for performance. In a letter dated July 9, 1710 Heinichen asked his patron, to allow him an educational trip to various German courts. This trip, if it has occurred at all, must have been only briefly.
In the same year traveled to Italy Heinichen. Unexpectedly, the heir to the throne had passed away. Heinichen, because of the proclaimed national mourning, in any style of music had to be silent, become dispensable for advice Buchta, former Informator the heir to the throne, on the trip to Italy followed.
About Heinichen's stay in Italy, little is known. Johann Adam Hiller reported in his biography of famous music scholar and Musicians (1784 ), that Heinichen have received an opera commission after his arrival in Venice, however, has been cheated out of the fee. Then Heinichen had traveled to Rome. There have of Prince Leopold of Anhalt- Köthen, later service Mr. Johann Sebastian Bach studied with Heinichen. In return, he is said to have accompanied the Prince on his travels through Italy.
Before the end of 1712 Heinichen returned to Venice. In the carnival season in 1713 his operas Mario and Le passioni by troppo amore in Sant ' Angelo went with great success on the stage. He learned the great composers of Venice know: Antonio Lotti, Antonio Biffi, Tomaso Albinoni, Alessandro Marcello, Benedetto Marcello and Antonio Vivaldi certainly that was for Heinichen style development is of utmost importance. For Heinichen's reputation speaks that Gottfried Heinrich Stolzel visited him in Venice.
Often Heinichen was a guest of the great singer and great patroness Angioletta Bianchi. In their house heard Kurprinz Friedrich August, who later became King August III. (1696-1763), some cantatas Heinichen. As a sounding recommendation for a position at the Dresden court Heinichen composed the oratorio La Pace di Kamberga and dedicated it to the Polish- Saxon heir to the throne.
This was very impressed by Heinichen's avant-garde music, and appointed him in the name of King August the Strong ( ruled 1694-1733 ) with effect from August 1, 1716 to the Royal Polish and Electoral Saxon Kapellmeister. Heinichen thanked the prince with the composition and performance of a cantata birth. Beginning in 1717 left Heinichen Venice. But not only it had hired August, but in preparation for his marriage to Maria Josepha, the devoutly Catholic daughter of Joseph I of Austria, Francesco Maria Veracini and an opera company under the direction of Antonio Lotti's Friedrich.
For the 1719 to be held in Dresden wedding celebrations Heinichen composed the serenatas La gara degli Dei (listed on September 10, 1719) and Diana sull'Elba (listed on September 18, 1719 on an elaborately decorated ship in the form of a giant clam ). They were so pleased that we increased his salary by 300 to 1,500 rounds with Heinichen compositions. In October of the same year Heinichen Serenata di Moritzburg went framing as a royal hunting castle of Moritzburg in the scene.
For Carnival 1720 Heinichen wrote his only opera for the Dresden court, Flavio Crispo. But because of a dispute with the Italian star singers Senesino and Berselli not came down to the final chorus already finished work for the performance. Without further ado, dismissed August the Strong the entire opera company, who then committed Georg Friedrich Handel for his opera Academy in London.
In the following years the Lutherans Heinichen composed Catholic church music for the Dresden court. Suffering from tuberculosis, he was sickly and often had to be represented by his colleague Jan Dismas Zelenka and Giovanni Alberto Ristori.
Heinichen married in 1721 in Weissenfels. In January 1723 he had become father of a girl. In his last years he gave Johann Georg Pisendel and Johann Joachim Quantz composition lessons and worked on his treatise on thorough-bass, whose printing was begun in 1722. This work is one of the most important music-theoretical legacies of the 18th century.
He died on July 16, 1729 in Dresden and was buried at St. John Cemetery.
Works
Fairs, Requiem
Magnificat
Psalms
Hymns
Marian antiphons
Litanies
Te Deum
Varia
Oratorios and cantatas Passion
Serenades
Stage works ( operas)
- The Pleasant fraud or the Carnival of Venice. (Text: Mauritz Cuno ). Leipzig 1709
- The Libyan Thalestris. (Text: Henry Anselm von Ziegler and Kliphausen ). Leipzig 1709
- Olimpia vendicata. Naumburg 1709
- The happy love change or Paris and Helena. Naumburg 1710
- The faithful shepherdess Daphne. ( Text by Erdmann Neumeister ). Leipzig 1710 ( attribution not sure)
- The Roman Grossmuht or Calpurnia ... aufgeführet on the Hamburg Theatro in the month of February 1716. (Text: Johann Ulrich König ). Hamburg 1716
Orchestral music and concerts
Discount
Part of estate of Johann David Heinichen (about 170 catalog numbers with music autographs, transcripts ) in the Music Department of the SLUB Dresden kept ( Signature: Mus.2398 ... ).
Writings
- Newly invented and thorough instruction ... to perfect learning of the General Basses (1711 )
- The General -Bass in Composition (1728)
See also: List of German composers of classical music