Johann Friedrich von Brandt

Johann Friedrich von Brandt ( born May 25, 1802 in Jiiterbog; † July 15, 1879 Merreküll in Estonia ) was a German naturalist, physician, zoologist and botanist. His botanical author abbreviation is " Brandt".

Life

Johann Friedrich came from a family of doctors. He attended the gymnasium of his native city and the one in Wittenberg until 1820 and studied in 1821 at the Medical Faculty of the University of Berlin. His studies, he expanded on the philosophy faculty, he undertook during the summer vacation travel in the Harz Mountains and the Giant Mountains. Especially with Martin Lichtenstein encouraged him to deal with the zoology. 1826 Brandt had completed his medical state examination and was admitted as a physician, surgeon and obstetrician. After he had his doctor's thesis on 24 January 1826. . Had observations anatomicae de mammalium quorundam vocis instrumenta defended, "he became a doctor of medicine in Berlin, he received an assistantship and was an assistant at the anatomical museum The same year he began the Ratzeburg publication of the " Medici African Zoology " (first issue 1827) and wrote several articles in the " encyclopaedic lexicon ".

In 1828, Brandt habilitated at the University as a lecturer. His lectures were related from 1829 on " Medicinische Botany " and " vegetable Waarenkunde and Pharmacology ". 1829 ended with Ratzeburg, the first volume of medical zoology and some issues of the plants of the " Prussian Pharmacopoeia " and the "German poison plants" issued. He has also written several articles for the " Medicinische Encyclopedia " etc. 1830 was filled with such works, based partly on the second volume of " Medici niches zoology " and the continuation of medicinal and poisonous plants, some with several monographs of mammals " pictures strange mammals " form the text to Bürdes. too, he began his monographic studies on Onisciden and myriapods.

Since three of his hopes, in Berlin or Germany ever be able to justify an early existence as a naturalist, had failed, so he followed a mediated by Alexander von Humboldt and Rudolph calls to the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg and left the Berlin University in 1831 as associate professor. In St. Petersburg, he was appointed as Adjunct Director of the Zoological Department at the Academy of Sciences. Here he published his research results in Russian, in 1832 associate, and in 1833 full professor. During the time he was in 1869 promoted to the Privy Council of State.

He started to build up a collection of specimens of domestic animals, many of which were not previously available in museums. Many of these specimens were brought by Nikolai Alexeyevich Severtsov, Nikolai M. Przhevalsky, Alexander Theodor von Middendorff, Leopold von Schrenck and Gustav Radde of expeditions.

He also described a number of birds, which were brought by Russian researchers from the Pacific coast of America. Among them were several gulls, ducks and cormorants. He also wrote monographs of the clip badger about in the seas of Kamchatka occurring, then already extinct Steller's sea cow, on the spread of the tiger, through mammoth finds in Siberia, on the Dinotherium, about the fossil Elentiere and whales. About 318 academic papers are known by him, and over a dozen animals that he discovered, received its Latin name component.

From his 1830 marriage to Auguste closed Weichart († 1866), three daughters and four sons have emerged.

Honors

Due to its unique research Johann Friedrich von Brandt reached under the then scientists to a celebrity. He became a member of the Paris Academy and suggested when recording the no less famous scientist Charles Darwin from the field. From 1833 he was a member of the Leopoldina. Ennobled by the tsarist government, there was probably no scientific organization in which he was not represented in Europe. Overwhelmed with honors, medals and titles, he celebrated in January 1876 its 50th anniversary Doctor in St. Petersburg. For him a special medal was part of the state to embossed with his portrait. The German Embassy in St. Petersburg, congratulated him and there was honorary degrees from many sides. The universities of Moscow and Dorpat (Tartu ) appointed him an honorary member, and his native city Jiiterbog handed him an honorary citizen in Moscow. The Naturalist Society to Emden made ​​him an honorary member. In Wittenberg, there is a memorial plaque on the building of the former high school in the Jüdenstraße, in the church square of the town church.

Writings

Botanical publications:

  • Flora berolinensis. 1824, 1825.
  • Picture and description of the wild in Germany poisonous plants. 1828-1838, 2nd edition 1838.
  • Picture and description of Germany's wild and persevering in outdoor gardens poison plants for natural families explained, Volume 1 Hirschwald, Berlin 1834. 2 volumes Digitized edition of the University and State Library Dusseldorf
  • Picture and description of Germany's wild and persevering in outdoor gardens poison plants for natural families explained, Volume 2, with P. Phoebus and Ratzeburg, Berlin 1838 Digitized edition of the University and State Library Dusseldorf

In addition, anxious Johann Friedrich von Brandt, the continuation of the work Accurate representation and description of common plants in the Arzneykunde by Friedrich Gottlob Hayne.

  • Accurate representation and description of the usual in the Arzneykunde plants as well as those which may be confused with them. 12 volumes, 1805-1856 ( continued by Johann Friedrich Brandt, Julius Theodor Christian Ratzeburg and Johann Friedrich Klotzsch ) Digitized edition of the University and State Library Dusseldorf
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