Johann Joachim Spalding

Johann Joachim Spalding ( born November 1, 1714 Tribsees, Vorpommern, † May 25, 1804 in Berlin) was a German Protestant theologian, hymn writer, Popular philosopher and the most important representatives of Neology in the Age of Enlightenment.

Life

Spalding had Scottish ancestors and was the son of the pastor of Tribsees. After his first lessons at home by his father, he attended the Gymnasium in Sundische Stralsund. Then Spalding studied until 1734 at the universities of Rostock and Greifswald, philosophy, theology and ancient languages ​​.

Some time Spalding earned his living as a private tutor and was preparing for his doctoral degree. After the title of Doctor of Divinity. had been awarded, in 1735 he got a job as assistant preacher in his hometown.

1745 became Spalding in Berlin appointed secretary of the Swedish envoy of Rudenskjöld. 1748 Spalding debuted with his " meditation on the destiny of man ." This booklet was published anonymously in Greifswald and can be rightly regarded as a manifesto of the German Enlightenment theology today. Spalding's book is designed as an internal monologue and dispenses completely with Christian revelation and dogmatic authority. It shows how an individual about " sensuality ", " pleasure of the mind ," " virtue" and "religion" itself finally arrives for inspection, to be destined for " immortality ".

1755 Spalding called you as a pastor after Lassan. As such, he married Wilhelmine Gebhardi (1734-1762) from Stralsund, Greifswald granddaughter of Professor Heinrich Brandanus Gebhardi. With her he had three sons and three daughters: the later jurists Karl August Wilhelm Spalding, the philologist Georg Ludwig Spalding Spalding and Johanna Wilhelmine later the theologian Friedrich Samuel Gottfried Sack married. 1757 Spalding settled down as a preacher in Barth. 1762 his wife died; after an appropriate period of mourning, he married his second wife Maria Dorothea von Soden star.

At the turn of 1763/64 had Spalding important guests from Zurich: Johann Heinrich Füssli, Felix Hess and Johann Caspar Lavater had some time with him as a guest.

1764 called King Frederick II Spalding as provost at the St. Nicolai church in Berlin, and appointed him to the consistory. There, and also in the church of St. Mary Spalding soon won by his homilies to influence and became known far beyond the city boundaries. During this time, Spalding also included friendship with the writers Ewald Christian von Kleist and Johann Wilhelm Ludwig Gleim. Her job, Spalding oriented to the theologians August Friedrich bag and Siegmund Jacob Baumgarten and was thus also for thinkers of the Enlightenment. Due to the Wöllnersche religious edict of 1788 put Spalding resigned from all his positions and now increasingly began to publish his ideas.

His second wife died in 1774, and the following year married Spalding as the third wife Maria Charlotte Lieberkühn.

Already in Greifswald made ​​him Peter Ahlwardt with the works of the philosopher Christian Wolff known whose theories Spalding made ​​it their own and further developed. But even with the work of English deists, among them Joseph Butler, Francis Hutcheson and Shaftesbury, to Spalding sat apart and translated them partially. Spalding's doubts about the orthodoxy eventually led to Neology whose main representative he was later. As such, he also fought vehemently Julien Offray de La Mettrie and its materialism.

At the age of nearly 90 years, Johann Joachim Spalding died on 25 May 1804 in Berlin. His son Georg Ludwig Spalding (1762-1811) was a professor at the horror monastery.

Throughout his life obliged practical interests, he rejected in his 1772 published, violently by Johann Gottfried Herder criticized " usability of the preaching office " all hierarchical and sacramental views of church and spiritual office, preferring instead to characterize the " ministry " as a service to the public morality. Summarized conclusion has Spalding be Going to identification understanding of religion and morality in 1797 under the title "Religion is a matter of man."

Works

  • Johann Joachim Spalding: meditation on the destiny of man. Weitbrecht, Greifswald 1748. Third and enlarged edition. Weitbrecht, Greifswald in 1749. Digitized and full text in German Text Archive
  • Albrecht bag ( ed.): Critical Edition: First Section: fonts. Tübingen 2001 ff I / 1 - The destiny of man. , 2006. ISBN 3-16-148973- X.
  • I / 2 - Thoughts on the value of feelings in Christianity. , 2005. ISBN 3-16-148143-7.
  • I / 3 - About the usability of the preaching ministry and movement. 2002 ISBN. 3-16-147808-8.
  • I / 4 - Familiar letters concerning religion. 2004 ISBN. 3-16-148145-3.
  • I / 5 - Religion is a matter of man., 2001. ISBN 3-16-147603-4.
  • I/6-1 - Smaller fonts 1, 2006 ISBN 3-16-148975-6. .
  • I/6-2 - letters to Gleim. Biography ( Smaller fonts 2)., 2002. ISBN 3-16-147809-6.
  • II / 1 - sermons. 2010 ISBN. 978-3-16-150189-0.
  • II / 2 - New sermons. 2008 ISBN. 978-3-16-149709-4.
  • II / 3 - New sermons. Zweyter band. 2009 ISBN. 978-3-16-149908-1.
  • II / 4 - Sermons for the most part kept bey extraordinary cases. 2011 ISBN. 978-3-16-150943-8.
  • II / 5 - Barth sermon book. Unpublished manuscripts. 2010 ISBN. 978-3-16-150574-4.
  • Wolfgang Erich Müller ( ed.): The determination of the people. Waltrop 1997 ISBN. 3-927718-78-5.
  • Wolfgang Erich Müller ( ed.): Religion: A Matter of man. Darmstadt 1998, ISBN. 3-534-13641-1.
  • Georg Ludwig Spalding (ed.): biography of himself placed. Hall: Bookshop of the orphanage 1804.
Anton Graff Germans Scottish people Lassan, Germany Barth, Germany Johann Kaspar Lavater Francis Hutcheson (philosopher) Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury Rostock Matrikelportal Neue Deutsche Biographie Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie Integrated Authority File
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