Johannes de Muris

Johannes de Muris, Jean de Meurs, (* around 1300 in Normandy, † 1360 ) was a French mathematician, astronomer, musician and calendar reformers of the late Middle Ages.

Life

De Muris probably taught at the Sorbonne in Paris, where he was at least since 1321 Magister. His scientific activity is secured between 1317 and 1348 at least. He probably died around 1360 or after 1350. 1338 to 1342 he was one of the secretaries of the King of Navarre. 1344 he was a canon in Mézières -en -Brenne.

He was doing one of the most influential music theorist of the Ars Nova. He studied music under mathematical aspects. His main works were in the field of music theory, the Musica Practica Musica and the speculativa. There were mathematical writings as the Quadripartitum numerorum of 1343 and his treatise on the calendar reform of 1317. He was involved with others while Pope Clement VI. for a calendar reform: in 1344, he and Firmin de Bellevall by the Pope summoned to Avignon for advice for a calendar reform. His elementary textbook of arithmetic was in use until the 16th century. He wrote many other books. His main mathematical works Quadripartium numerorum ( in four books ) in which decimal fractions (which are, however, mentioned only in a special case in Book 3, are developed to taking a square root, and non-systematic ), music theory, mechanics ( with excerpts from Archimedes hydrostatic ) and applications of arithmetic. In Book 2 he treats quadratic equations ( in connection to Al- Khwarizmi and Leonardo of Pisa) and also special cubic equations. In his verse section is dedicated to Philippe de Vitry.

De Muris has raised awareness of the Alfonsine Tables. In 1318 he measured at Evreux, the obliquity of the ecliptic ( and watching the day and night are equal ) with a specially constructed quadrant radius of 15 feet .. He also observed conjunctions and there are records of him about further astronomical observations (such as the solar eclipse 1337) in Bernay, Fontevraud, Evreux, Paris and Mézières -en -Brenne get in a manuscript in the Escorial.

Writings

Music

  • Musica practica Ulrich Michels The music treatises of Johannes de Muris, supplements to the archive of Musicology 17, Franz Steiner Verlag, 1970 ( Notitia artis musicae, Compendium musicae practicae )
  • Christoph Falkenroth The musica speculativa of Johannes de Muris, supplements to the archive of Musicology 34, Franz Steiner Verlag 1992
  • Published in Martin Gerbert Scriptores de musica sacra ecclesiastici, III, St. Blaise, 1784 (as well as other musical writings such as Musica speculativa ). Another older edition of the musical writings of Johannes de Muris is E. De Coussemaker Scriptorum de musica medii aevi nova series, Paris, Volume 2, 1867, Volume 3 1869

Mathematics and Astronomy

  • Canons tabule Tabularum ( 1321 ), manuscripts, among others in Paris, Vienna, Erfurt, Brussels, Berlin ( with multiplication table for Hexagesimalzahlen for converting the Alfonsine Tables in this number system ) as Tractatus canonum minutiarum philosophicarum et vulgarum, quem composuit Johannes de Muris Normannus. 1321
  • Expenditure dissertation of G. l' Huillier, Paris, 1979 (unpublished), parts of the second book in A. Nagl The Quadripartitum of Ioannes de Muris, Essays on the History of Mathematics, Volume 5, 1890, pp. 135-146, of Book 3 in LC Karpinski The Quadripartitum numerorum of John of Meurs, Bibliotheca Mathematica, Series 3, Volume 13, 1912/13, pp. 99-144, part of book 4 in Marshall Claggett The science of mechanics in the middle ages, Madison / Wisconsin 1959
  • Edition of Hubert LL Busard, Scientiarum historia, Volume 13, 1971, p 103-132
  • Output Maximilian Curtze documents on the history of trigonometry in the Christian Middle Ages, Bibliotheca Mathematica, Series 3, Volume 1, 1900, pp. 414-416

Calendar

  • Epistola super reformatione antiqui kalendarii ( 1317 ) Christine Gack - scheiding: Johannes de Muris Epistola super reformatione antiqui kalendarii. A contribution to the reform of the calendar in the 14th century ( = Monumenta Historica Germaniae. Studies and texts, Bd.11 ). Hannover 1995
France Philip III of Navarre Évreux Quadrant (instrument) Conjunction (astronomy) William of Moerbeke Helmuth Gericke Lisieux Toledan Tables Henry of Langenstein Integrated Authority File
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