Johannes Nauclerus

John Nauclerus (* 1425, † January 5, 1510 in Tübingen; actually John Vergenhans ) was a German scholar, theologian, jurist and historian. As a confidant of Count Eberhard im Bart, he was after the founding of the University of Tübingen in 1477 its first rector ( until 1478) and later her longtime chancellor ( 1482-1509 ). Known to posterity Nauclerus is primarily for his 1516 posthumously published World Chronicle.

Life

The birthplace and exact date of birth Nauclerus ' are not known for sure. Nauclerus ' father occurs in a charter of Louis II, Count of Württemberg- Urach 1455 in appearance, in which he is referred to as "our servant ." From this it was deduced that the father belonged to the gallant stand, or at least was close, but this is not proven. A younger brother of Nauclerus, Ludwig Vergenhans, later became dean in Stuttgart and Württemberg Chancellor. The two scholars adopted the fashion at that time in accordance with the Latinized family name Nauclerus (from Greek ναύκληρος, ship master, mate, pilot ) for Vergenhans (of ferryman, an old word for boatman ).

Nauclerus probably enjoyed a spiritual formation. Until 1459 he was tutor to the young Count Eberhard im Bart, whose confidant he later became. As a reward, he became pastor in 1461 in Weil der Stadt ( detected in 1461, 1462 and 1464 ). In 1464 he appears in the matriculation of the University of Basel as decretorum doctor ( doctor of law ), the following year he taught there. However, the offer of a high ecclesiastical office in Stuttgart prompted Nauclerus to leave Basel again: He was christened on February 15, 1466 the richest Württemberg benefice, the provost of the Holy Cross of the Collegiate Church in Stuttgart as the successor of the old half- retired John of Westernach ( term of office 1434-1466 ). 1472 called Count Eberhard the Bearded his old teacher in his service in Uracher part of the country back. Nauclerus waived on November 10, 1472 on his Stuttgart Provost and received shortly before the January 5, 1473 an ecclesiastical benefice as choir master of the Sindelfingen Canons, at that time the most important pin in Uracher part of the country. Already in 1459 he was in Italy met at the Congress of Mantua Pope Pius II and probably been a long time in Italy in connection. In 1466 he was in Rome at the papal chamber, in 1467, Count Ulrich von Württemberg- Stuttgart sent him to the camp of Charles the Bold after Peronne. Also Even before the February 17, 1475, he appears as a pastor in brackish home.

At the founding of the University of Tübingen in 1477 by Count Eberhard im Bart Nauclerus was involved to a significant extent. The required papal authorization establishing he took on behalf of Eberhard im Bart in Rome, according to the latest research, however, not personal. He wrote the adoption Eberhard, with this announcing the establishment, and he also wrote the first university constitution modeled on the Constitution of the University of Basel. The laying of Nauclerus operated with the Sindelfingen Canons to Tübingen and the use of his income for the university secured its economic base.

Nauclerus, who himself taught at the Faculty of Law canon law, for one year, to 1478, first rector of the new university was. Through good relations with the University of Basel and the Sorbonne in Paris, he won excellent teachers for Tuebingen, including John Heynlin and Heinrich Bebel. Johannes Reuchlin and he brought in Tübingen and Stuttgart. From 1479 he managed for three years, the parish church of Tubingen. After the first Tübingen Provost Chancellor John Tegen had died on September 30, 1482, the chapter of the Tübingen congregation elected him on presentation Eberhard im Bart as his successor. Between January 21 and February 4, 1483 he was inducted into his new office and had thus become a representative of the Pope whose highest overseer. As a close confidant and adviser to the university 's founder, Count Eberhard, who exercised his influence on university management, Nauclerus was up to Eberhard's death in 1496 and even beyond the main man at the university, he gave up the post in 1509 at an advanced age.

Nauclerus had great influence on the Württemberg politics of his time. In 1482 he accompanied Count Eberhard on his journey to Rome and Florence. The emergence of Münsinger Treaty of 1482, was reunited with the Wurttemberg, he witnessed and his brother Ludwig first hand. In the negotiations that led to the Diet of Worms in 1495 to collect the Duchy of Württemberg, he was as involved as to the subsequent drafting of a new provincial system. Nauclerus ' Council was not asked for more namely Eberhard's death in 1496 during its brief successor Eberhard II, but after Eberhard II deposed in 1498 came again Nauclerus high honors in 1500 and appears as one of the three judges of the Swabian League, a post 1502 probably at the instigation of Nauclerus was transferred to the Council and Württemberg known humanist Johannes Reuchlin.

At his death on January 5, 1510 bequeathed to the University Nauclerus 1000 guilders, a large sum for the time. From his tomb in the Church of the Tubingen grave inscription in manuscript.

The Chronicle

In age, probably from 1498, Nauclerus began the development of a world chronicle, which ranged from its beginnings up to the year 1501 and both scholastic as demonstrated already humanistic traits. He processed to a number of sources, including letters and certificates, for the first time and put based on a historical source criticism. So he preferred contemporary to later sources, but this could be fooled by some of history counterfeiters as Annius of Viterbo. From Nauclerus ' patriotism reflects the breadth with which he treating them the Swabian and Württemberg history.

1516, six years after the author's death, Nauclerus ' World Chronicle was published under the title Memorabilium omnis omnium gentium et Aetatis chronici commentarii in two folio volumes in the Tübingen Offizin Thomas Anshelms. It was published by the Hirsauer Benedictine monk Nicolaus Basellius, a student of Johannes Trithemius. Basellius had edited the chronicle and continued to 1513, Johannes Reuchlin wrote the foreword. The Chronicle has been repeatedly reprinted, 1544-1675 published eight reprints. Also sequels were written and demonstrate the success of the work, the Nauclerus " a high rank as a historian " to save.