Johannes Tinctoris
John Tinctoris (* 1435 in Braine- l'Alleud; † first half of 1511) was a Franco- Flemish composer and music theorist of the Renaissance.
Origin and life
John Tinctoris was born in the small, ten kilometers north of Nivelles town of Braine -l'Alleud ( Eigenbrakel ), presumably to 1435th His home was one of Brabant and the diocese of Cambrai. His father's name was Martin and was Municipal Officials ( échevin ).
Documentary tangible Tinctoris is in Cambrai for the first time. In the first half of 1460 he stayed there for four months, apparently for purposes of study, and was provided on 11 July by Guillaume you Fay, of the petite vicairs board at this time with a monetary amount.
Immediately after his Cambraier stay he appears as Succentor at the Cathedral of Orléans. Tinctoris describes himself on April 1, 1463 as choralium pedagogus. Maybe both titles designated the same position; perhaps the function of choralium it has been pedagogus also transferred later.
On July 1, 1462 report to the procurator of the German nation at the University of Orléans, that Tinctoris - already master - has become a member of the nation. If the enrollment Tinctoris ' is at the University of Orléans behind this document, he must have acquired his degree at another university, most likely before his stay in Cambrai (so that he could be quite the same as the John Tinctoris from the Diocese of Cambrai, has the 1446 and 1448 enrolled at the University of Liege ). But since Tinctoris in a 147 members of the University of Orleans performers Rotulus from May 1, 1462 to Pope not among the licentiati or is listed baccalaurei but under Scolares, where it is called but on 1 July 1462 Master Pius II, could this also mean that Tinctoris previously the University of Orléans listened and took advantage of the privilege that students of the German nation at the same time could make her Master's and bachelor after five years of study. If so, Tinctoris has enrolled in 1457 at the University of Orléans.
On April 1, 1463 Tinctoris was elected in a solemn assembly of the Suppositi the German nation in the church of Notre- Dame-de- Bonne -Nouvelle to Orléans to the procurator. He was a member of the Collegium doctorum et procuratorum the University; he organized the general assemblies of the nation, was the name and origin of students enrolled in the register book. He was also entrusted with the administration of goods, seal, archives and finance. On June 26, 1463 ended Tinctoris ' tenure.
Tinctoris spent - as is evident from his De usu et inuentione musice - some time at the Cathedral of Chartres as music teacher to the choirboys. At the cathedral, he met Gilles Mureau, who worked from 1469 to 1484 there.
Even before 1472 Tinctoris has a reputation as a major musicians and theorists have acquired, because in the later than in 1472 resulting singer prayer Omnium bonorum plena of Loyset Compère he is mentioned.
His fame should Tinctoris have paved the way to Italy. Since about 1472 he was a singer at the Aragonese court chaplain Ferrante ' I ( † 1494) in Naples. Tinctoris belonged to the capella of the king. Their duties were not limited to the exercise of daily religious devotions of the king, she also took on the task of a cabinet. It is therefore not surprising that Tinctoris was also legal adviser to the king. Unknown of course, is whether the self- characterization of the Liber de arte Contrapuncti as iurisconsultus relates of 1477 to his chaplain duties or if he is actually a position with legal responsibility held, perhaps as a translator of relevant legal texts. So he translated 1474/75 on behalf of the king, the statute of the Order of the Golden Fleece from the Burgundian French into Italian.
Trithemius calls 1495 Tinctoris " registered ferdinandi Neapolitan quondam archicapellanus et cantor ". The sparse in this respect traditional sources confirm Tinctoris in this position not: to 1480, he held the post probably Joan Brusca, 1492 Jacobo da Valenza. If Trithemius was not mistaken, must have been Tinctoris archicapellanus 1480-1492. In addition to his duties as a lawyer and singer Kaplan took over the office of Tinctoris music teacher for Beatrix, Ferrante's daughter. In the dedication of his Diffinitorium he explains that he acted in a sense as a preceptor to the Princess ( " Moris est cuiuslibet scientie preceptoribus ").
In 1478 Fran Gaffurio came to Naples and stayed until 1480th 1479 went Tinctoris unknown reason when traveling. In May 1479 Nicholli Matto, owner of the hostel " Alanzello " from the Hofkasse of Duke Ercole I d' Este in Ferrara were reimbursed to it by the night " zoane de tintoris de Borgogne chantadore de la Sachra magic stade de re de Napoli " created between the 7th and 11th of the month. Maybe Tinctoris the occasion of this trip also visited his home and thereby, as he mentions in De inuentione et usu musice, John Stokem made in Liege, who was there employed at St. Lambert from 1455 to 1481 as maître de chant.
On October 25, 1480 Tinctoris received, as well as his colleagues, service wardrobe. From a letter dated October 15, 1487 at Ferrante Tinctoris, in which it is asked to recruit new singers, after an attempt to find such in the kingdom of Naples, had failed; as letters of recommendation to the French and King of the Romans that it has been given, Tinctoris should have made the search extended to France, Burgundy and Flanders.
1492 is likely to have left the service Tinctoris Ferrante namely as archicapellanus. On August 26, 1492 in Rome, Rodrigo Borgia, Pope Alexander VI. crowned what Tinctoris inspired him to compose the (lost) motet Gaude Roma uetus. Considering the circumstances of the emergence of the motet, then a stay Tinctoris ' in Rome, probably, perhaps as a member of a diplomatic mission. Very likely Tinctoris has taken on this occasion Josquin Desprez.
The next 20 years are in the dark. Only once Tinctoris is [= 1494 new style ] mentioned in a letter of Péter Váradi, the Archbishop of Kalocsa, the widowed Queen of Hungary, Beatrix, daughter of Ferrante, January 12, 1493 by Váradi the remark Beatrice's referenced, the " prince of [ their ?] musicians " have the name Dyer ( Tinctoris ). It has been concluded that Tinctoris have been staying in Buda, but this is not certain because of the metaphorical character of the letter.
In the years 1495/96 Tinctoris visited Naples again, emotionally ravaged by the recent past visitations of the royal family. On October 12, 1511 Peter de Coninck was awarded the vacant due to the death of Ianne Tinctoris prebend in the church of St. Gertrude in Nivelles. Since, in general prebends were not more than 6 months vacant, one may assume that Tinctoris died in the first half of 1511. His place of death is unknown.
Portrait
Tinctoris ' physiognomy is probably in the frontispiece of the preserved manuscript of his treatises in Valencia (Valencia, Biblioteca Universitaria, MS 835 ) as shown.
Musical work
Sacred Works
Secular Works
Theoretical Music Factory
Total expenditure
- Johanni Tinctoris opera omnia, ed. v. W. Melin, o.o. 1976
- Joanni Tinctoris Tractatus de musica, ed. v. E. de Coussemaker, Lille 1875
- Johanni Tinctoris theoretica Opera, ed. v. A. Seay, 2 volumes, o.o. 1975 1978
- Complete Theoretical works, ed. v. R. Woodley (in preparation, online)