John Dowland

John Dowland (* 1563 possibly in London, buried February 20, 1626 in St Anne, Blackfriars, London) was an English composer of the Elizabethan age.

Life

From 1579 to 1584 Dowland was in the service Sir Henry Cobham, the English ambassador in Paris, and his successor, Sir Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham. After he had unsuccessfully applied in 1594 as successor to the royal lutenist John Johnson, he went on a year long trip abroad and stayed first at the court of Henry Julius, Duke of Brunswick- Wolfenbüttel, and the Landgrave Moritz of Hesse in Kassel. He then went to Italy, and reached Florence. When he learned here from a group of English exiles plan to commit an assassination attempt on Queen Elizabeth I, he traveled shocked back to Nuremberg. End of 1596 or early 1597 he returned to London, again in the hope of being hired as Hoflautenist. But his expectations were dashed again, as his friend and patron Henry Noel died shortly after he had asked Dowland in a letter to his return to England. Dowland Next abroad led him to Denmark, where he was from 1598 to 1606 lutenist at the court of King Christian IV of Denmark. After his release he returned to England and was employed for several years at a courtier named Theophilus Howard, Lord Walden. Finally he received on October 28, 1612 the years coveted item when Musician for the lute at the royal court in England, but wrote after that professional success is almost no longer compositions. As his most important lute song applies in darknesse let mee dwell, which was published in 1610.

Work

Dowland's musical work includes lute songs, works for solo lute and works for viol consort with lute accompaniment.

Dowland's songs deal with very different topics. Musically, it is mainly to strophic songs, rare, there are also through-composed pieces. The accompaniment is largely homophonic, but enriched by numerous ornaments. Some songs, such as the famous song Flow My Tears, or Oh, sweet woods, but also contain polyphonic passages through-composed, with the polyphony of the moves within the limits on the lute playing is technically feasible. The declamation of the text remains consistently clear ornaments used as an expression elements.

Of particular importance are Dowland's instrumental works. His compositions for viol consort with lute accompaniment mark in the history of European music first highlight the development of an autonomous instrumental music. Be mentioned in this context are mainly seven variations on the theme of Lachrimae Pavane (originally a composition for solo lute, later to the song Flow My Tears and the aforementioned compositions for viol consort worked ) and the consort version of the sound composition Semper Dowland, Semper Dolens. In both pieces, the often melancholy mood of the works of Dowland is particularly clear, musical highlighted by a comparatively colorful and rich harmonic dissonance.

From Dowland about 100 compositions for solo lute are obtained. They are among the most demanding and sophisticated works for this instrument and are today the repertoire of almost all classical guitarist and lutenist.

Fantasies

  • Forlorn Hope Fancy
  • Farewell
  • Farewell (An " In Nomine " )
  • A Fancy 1
  • A Fancy 2
  • A Fancy 3

Pavanen

  • Piper's Pavan
  • Semper Dowland Semper Dolens
  • Solus Cum Sola
  • Mrs. Bridget Fleetwood 's Pavan aka Solus Sine Sola
  • Dr. Case 's Pavan
  • Resolution
  • Mr. John Langton's Pavan
  • Sir John Langton's Pavan
  • Lachrimae
  • A Pavan
  • The Lady Russell's Pavan
  • A Pavan

Allemandes

  • Sir John Smith, his Almain
  • Smythe Allmayne
  • Lady Laiton 's Almain
  • At Almain
  • Mrs. White 's Thing
  • A Piece Without Title
  • Mrs. Nichols ' Almain
  • Mrs. Clifton's Almain
  • Lady Hunsdon 's buffering

Jigs and other pieces in 6/8

  • Mrs. Winter's Jump
  • Mrs. White's Nothing
  • Mrs. Vaux 's Jig
  • The Shoemaker 's Wife
  • Tarleton 's Riserrectione

Arrangements of ballads

  • Orlando Sieepeth
  • Fortune
  • Complainte
  • From My Window
  • Lord strand 's March
  • My Lord Willoughby 's Welcome Home
  • Walsingham
  • Aloe
  • Loth to Depart
  • Robin

Gaillarden

  • Captain Digorie Piper 's Galliard
  • Dowland ' Galliard
  • John Dowland 's Galliard
  • Dowland 's First Galliard
  • The Frog Galliard
  • A Galliard ( in d minor)
  • Melancholy Galliard
  • Sir John Souch 's Galliard
  • A Galliard ( on a galliard by Daniel Bacheler )
  • Giles Hobie 's Galliard
  • A Galliard (in g minor)
  • A Galliard ( on Walsingham )
  • Mrs. Vaux Galliard
  • Mr. Langton 's Galliard
  • Mignarda
  • A Galliard (in g minor)
  • Mr Knight 's Galliard
  • My Lord Chamberlain, His Galliard ( an invention for two people on a lute)
  • The Right Honourable The Lord Viscount Lisle His Galliard
  • Round Battle Galliard
  • The Most High and Mighty Christianus The Fourth King of Denmark, His Galliard
  • The Most Sacred Queen Elizabeth, Her Galliard
  • Can She Excuse
  • The Right Honourable Robert Earl of Essex, His Galliard
  • The Lady Rich ' Galliard
  • The Right Honourable The Lady Rich, Her Galliard
  • The Earl of Derby ' Galliard
  • The Right Honourable Ferdinando Earl of Derby, His Galliard
  • The Right Honourable The Lady Clifton 's Spirit
  • Galliard to Lachrimae

Song arrangement

  • Come Again

Pieces of unknown origin, possibly from Dowland:

  • A Fantasia
  • A Fancy
  • A Fancy
  • A Fancy
  • A Dream
  • A Gaillard
  • Mrs Norrish 's Delight
  • A Piece Without Title
  • What If A Day
  • A Coy Toy
  • Tarleton 's Jig

Others

The composer Benjamin Britten used Dowland's song Come Heavy Sleepe for his " Nocturnal " for solo guitar (1964 ), which he wrote for the guitarist Julian Bream. Dowland's Pavane Lachrimae formed the basis for Benjamin Britten Lachrymae: reflections on a song of Dowland, Op 48 (1950 ) for viola and piano, which Britten in 1974 worked as Op 48a also for viola and string orchestra. Bernard Stevens continued in 1953 its reverence for the Renaissance composer with a Fantasia on a Theme of Dowland for violin and piano, a monument.

A multi-volume complete edition of all grades Dowland Songs for Voice & Guitar, edited by Werner J. Wolff, has appeared in the Austrian music publisher Doblinger. Also as a multi-volume complete edition Song for Voice and Guitar (also available as a single volume hardcover ) there is an edition in German PRIM music publisher. What is remarkable about this issue, that here all the tunes verse texts were highlighted for direct reading along.

The pop musician Sting has the CD " Songs From The Labyrinth" published in October 2006 together with the Bosnian lute player Edin Karamazov on the classical label German gramophone on which he some of Dowland's works plays and sings. In addition, lines are carried forward from letters written by Dowland to Sir Robert Cecil by Sting. This interpretation has sold very well for an album with classical music, but was also rezipiert critical.

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