John R. Bolton
John Robert Bolton ( born November 20, 1948 in Baltimore, Maryland ) is an American politician and diplomat. He was from 1 August 2005 to December 2006 the U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations.
Curriculum vitae
Bolton studied at Yale University. There he earned a Bachelor of Arts in 1970 and 1974, the Juris Doctor. From 1983 to 1985 he was an associate at Covington & Burling in Washington, a law firm for which he worked from 1993 to 1999. He was also a partner in the law firm of Lerner, Reed, Bolton & McManus.
During the tenure of Presidents Ronald Reagan and George Bush Bolton initially worked for the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID ) (1981-1983 ) and subsequently as Assistant Attorney General for the U.S. Department of Justice ( 1985-1989 ) and as Under Secretary of State for International organizations ( Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs ) at the U.S. Department of State (1989-1993). He was also Chairman of the Board for a resolution committee of Republicans. Prior to joining the Bush Administration of been considered a neoconservative Bolton was Senior Vice President for Public Policy Research at the American Enterprise Institute. Between 1997 and 2000 Bolton volunteered in a personal mission by Kofi Annan in Western Sahara.
On 11 May 2001 Bolton was sworn in as Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security ( Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security Affairs ). In this role, he was member of the delegation of the six-party talks to North Korea's nuclear program, 2003. From this delegation he was released after he had Kim Jong- il the " tyrannical dictator " of a country in which for many " life is a hellish nightmare " is mentioned, . The replies had a North Korean spokesman said: " Such human scum ( scum ) and bloodsucker is not suitable for participation in these talks. "
He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations since 2001. On 7 March 2005, George W. Bush proposed him as ambassador to the UN. On 12 May 2005, the Senate could not bring themselves to acknowledge Bolton as ambassador to the United Nations: It made no recommendation for a further resolution. Even the conservatives exercised partially harsh criticisms of the proposal of George W. Bush. On 1 August 2005 Bolton was appointed by Bush by decree without confirmation by the Senate to the UN Ambassador, since the U.S. Constitution allows the President to occupy posts directly if the deputies are on vacation ( "recess appointment" ). The validity of this appointment will expire at the end of the legislative session of Congress. This was the first case that a U.S. ambassador to the UN was used in this way.
On 4 December 2006 the White House announced that Bolton had decided not to stand for the post of ambassador to the United Nations after the end of the legislature are available. This was probably due to the midterm elections in which the Democrats had gotten the majority. The Democrats have always been against Bolton as UN ambassador and would further candidacy does not support conjectural. Bolton took office on an interim Alejandro Daniel Wolff, officially Zalmay Khalilzad.
2011 told the Republican politician Newt Gingrich, he would make Bolton for Secretary of State, if he should be president in 2012.
Bolton is Chairman of the International Affairs Subcommittee, the National Rifle Association.
Views
Bolton is a sharp critic of the United Nations. In 1994, he said in a forum of the " Federalist Society ": " There is actually no ' United Nations ' There is an international community, however, can be given only by the only remaining superpower, the United States ( of America). ". He also said: " The United Nations building ( in New York) has 38 floors, but if it would lose ten of which would make any difference. " Also, he is a critic of the UN Human Rights Council, which was founded in 2006 According to press reports he called " a made-up caterpillar instead of a Butterfly " in June.
As a member of the Project for the New American Century was to disempower Bolton co-signer of a call to President Bill Clinton, who was pushed ( 26 January 1998), Saddam Hussein, through the use of diplomatic, political and military means. The call also believed that "the (U.S.) American policy can not continue to cripple by a misguided consensus compulsion in the UN Security Council " may be. In 2000, he remarked in a radio interview as follows: "If today I would recompose the Security Council, then this would have exactly one permanent member because that corresponds to the actual power relations in the world. "
His critics replied Bolton that his actions " clear support for effective multilateral diplomacy shows. " Members of the government expect the him anticipatory reputation will allow its UN ambassador, to negotiate from a position of strength.
Quotes
"The United States once had the ability to thread a fall of governments in concealed manner. I wish we could have this again " ( John R. Bolton at the party of the Tories in the UK).
" The American ambassador to the UN John Bolton gives the impression that he wanted to incapacitate the United Nations to a specialist company for post military aftercare, to Mother Teresa in the field hospital of the Hegemon. " (Comment by Thomas Assheuer )