John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute
John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute KG, PC ( born May 25, 1713 London, † March 10, 1792 ) was a British statesman and Prime Minister.
Life
John Stuart, from the house of Stuart, was descended from a natural son of the Scottish king Robert II. He was the son of James Stuart, 2nd Earl of Bute, and his wife Anne Campbell, daughter of Archibald Campbell, 1st Duke of Argyll. He inherited his father's death in 1723 when the title Earl of Bute. After his education at Eton College, he studied at the University of Leiden Law.
Bute was elected to the House of Lords as a Scottish Representative Peer in 1737 and belonged to the sharpest opposition. Why not re-elected, he retired to the island of Bute accompanying him. With the landing of the Pretender, Charles Edward Stuart in 1745 he went to London, was favorite of Frederick, Prince of Wales, and after his death educator of the future King George III. After his accession to the throne in 1760 Stuart was a member of the Privy Council and knew all the people who were his ambitious plans in the way, remove it from the vicinity of the king. William Pitt Just stayed until October 1761 Department of Foreign Affairs. Stuart himself was the first Secretary of State, and after the fall of Thomas Pelham Holles, ' Prime Minister. As such, he concluded against the wishes of Frederick the Great, the allies of England, on November 3, 1762 the preliminary peace to Fontainebleau with France and thus made himself as well as by favoring the Tories and new taxes, particularly through the introduction of stamp duty, whereby the dispute with North America was inflamed, so unpopular that he had to resign on April 8, 1763.
Stuart lived since then on he built Castle Luton Hoo in Berkshire, where a library of 30,000 volumes, a botanical garden and a rich cabinet of physical, mathematical and astronomical instruments took him completely in claim; He died on 10 March 1792. turned only in court intrigues, he had no statesmanlike ability.
His favorite study was botany. For the Queen of England he wrote a superb book on the British Flora Botanical tables, nine magnificently decorated quarto volumes, of which only twelve copies were printed and given away. Two botanist named plant species after him: Carl Linnaeus, the genus of the apparent camellia ( Stewartia ) from the family of Teestrauchgewächse, William Roxburgh, the legume genus Butea with the Malabar lacquer tree ( Butea monosperma ). In addition, he was also a patron of writers and artists, among others, he promoted Samuel Johnson and Robert Adam.
Marriage and issue
John Stuart married in 1736 Mary ( 1718-1794 ), a daughter of writer Mary Wortley Montagu, with whom he had the following children:
- Mary (1741-1824) ∞ 1761 James Lowther, 1st Earl of Lonsdale
- John, 1st Marquess of Bute ( 1744-1814 )
- Anne ( 1745 -? ) ∞ 1764-1779 Hugh Percy, 2nd Duke of Northumberland
- James Archibald Stuart - Wortley (1747-1818) ∞ Margaret Conyngham
- Jane (1748-1828) ∞ 1768 George Macartney, 1st Earl Macartney
- Charles (1753-1801) ∞ 1778 Louisa Bertie
- William (1755-1822), Archbishop of Armagh ∞ 1796 Sophia Margaret Juliana Penn
- Caroline (1763-1813) ∞ 1778 John Dawson, 1st Earl of Portarlington