John Tyndall

John Tyndall ( born August 2, 1820 Leighlin Bridge, County Carlow, Ireland, United Kingdom, † December 4, 1893 in Hindhead, Surrey, United Kingdom) was a physicist. He studied, inter alia, the light scattering in turbid media and found the Tyndall effect.

In addition, Tyndall was one of the pioneers of the Matterhorn mountain. Along with Edward Whymper and Jean-Antoine Carrel, he kept trying to climb this mountain, contrary to the opinion of contemporaries that the Matterhorn, unclimbable ' was.

Life

Tyndall was the son of a policeman. He received only a common school education and was not allowed to study at a university until early 30.

Tyndall left at the age of 19 years the school to work in 1840 for several years with the Irish Ordnance Survey. He was then hired in 1844 by a company in Manchester to perform surveys for the railroad.

In 1847 he took a job as a mathematics teacher at Queenwood College, Hampshire, where he became acquainted with the chemist Edward Frankland. This Tyndall in 1848 went to Marburg, where he was now able for the first time to study formally. They were joined a little later by the mathematician Thomas Archer Hirst. Tyndall was little German and had no safe background in the natural sciences, he took first the fundamentals of mathematics, physics and chemistry. It was Robert Bunsen, who helped with a lot of patience and inspiration Tyndall to a promotion.

On August 19, 1861 Tyndall was achieved together with guides Johann Josef Benet and Ulrich Wenger from Randa the first ascent of white horn.

Scientific Work

He started his scientific career in Marburg with studies in the field of diamagnetism and magneto-optical properties of the crystals. He still stayed in Germany and spent a year at the University of Berlin to Gustav Magnus.

In 1851 he returned to England, but was not able to live there on his research. So he went again to the Queenswood College, to teach and translate scientific literature and surrendered. 1853 came the turning point in his scientific career, when he was invited by the Royal Institution to a lecture. Tyndall she created so successful that he was committed to a further and even more so that he soon held an entire course into one. Three months later he became professor of natural history and you almost overwhelmed him with offers. Tyndall opted for the Royal Institution, because he was able to collaborate with Michael Faraday.

Object of his research was, among other things, the theory of germs. He developed a process that made food more durable, in which he repeatedly heated the substance at 100 ° C and then cooled to 30 ° C, now known as Tyndallisation.

In addition, he also explored the glacier movements, as well as the scattering and absorption of light in the atmosphere. In order to explore glaciers better, he undertook in 1856 together with Thomas Henry Huxley, a trip to Switzerland, the results of which he presented with this in a treatise. In January 1859, he found the wintry advance of the Mer de Glace. In the search for causes of the Ice Ages not only was he the first to put this altered concentration of greenhouse gases water vapor and carbon dioxide to the discussion, but also hired concrete measurements, by means of which he could identify those responsible for the natural greenhouse effect gases.

Tyndall showed that ozone is a merger of several oxygen atoms. He improved the foghorn and invented the breathing apparatus for fire fighting and most importantly the light pipe. This led to the development of fiber optics. The latest version of its discovery, the gastroscope is used in gastroscopy. Tyndall was also a popular lecturer who turned not only to professionals but also to the public. He also coined the rarely used term acoustic cloud.

John Tyndall appeared in 1887 in retirement and died on December 4, 1893 at his country house at Haslemere Hind Head of the consequences of an accidental overdose of chloral hydrate.

Honors

Writings

  • The screw surface with Inclined production line and the conditions of equilibrium for such screws. Inaugural Dissertation will be filed with the permission of the philosophical faculty of Marburg for obtaining the Doctor Would John Tyndall. Marburg. Elwert'sche university printing office. 1850th [ 14 pages; Supervisor: Friedrich Ludwig Stegmann ]
  • The glaciers of the Alps. London ( 1860)
  • Contributions to molecular physics. London ( 1872)
  • Lectures on sound. London ( 1867)
  • On light. London ( 1873)
  • Tyndall, John: The Light. Six Lectures / held in America in winter 1872-1873. Authorized German edition, ed. by Gustav Wiedemann. Braunschweig: F. Vieweg 1876, 275 pp., 1 portrait as frontispiece, wood engravings in the text. ( Digitized )
  • Tyndall, John: Electrical phenomena and theories. Ins German transferred from Joseph v. Rosthorn; A. Hart 's life Verlag, Vienna, Pest, Leipzig; In 1884.
  • Heat as a mode of motion. London ( 1863). In German: Heat considered as a mode of motion, Autorisirte German edition edited by H. Helmholtz and G. Wiedemann according to the second edition of the original, F. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1867 ( digitized )
  • Forms of water in clouds and rivers, ice and glaciers. London ( 1873)
  • On radiation. London ( 1865)
  • On diamagnetism. London ( 1870)
  • Notes of a course of seven lectures on electrical phenomena. London ( 1870)
  • Lessons on electricity. London ( 1876)
  • Natural philosophy in easy lessons. London ( 1869)
  • Faraday as a discoverer. London ( 1868)
  • Notes of Professor Tyndall 's lectures on ice, water, vapor, and air. London (1871/1872)
  • Fragments. New series of John Tyndall. Translated by Anna von Helmholtz and Estelle Du Bois -Reymond. Braunschweig 1895. [ Contains among others comments on Robert Bunsen and Marburg stay Tyndall ].
  • Fragments from the natural sciences. Lectures and essays, Braunschweig 1874. Authorized German edition. With preface and additions of Prof. H. Helmholtz, ISBN 978-3-941919-12-9, E -book ( facsimile ) from the original PDF file, publishing Becker, Potsdam 2009
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