Jonval-Turbine

The Jonval turbine, also Henschel Jonval turbine, is a patented in France by Nicolas J. Jonval engineer in 1843 water turbine.

Action principle

The Jonval - turbine is a reaction turbine. The water flows through the turbine from top to bottom, wherein the set to the impeller arranged curved guide vanes deflect the water laterally, so that it impinges on the curved blades of the impeller in opposite directions. The most important innovation was the arranged below the turbine draft tube, which acts as a diffuser. This arrangement allowed for the first time use the entire height of fall, even if the turbine was placed above the downstream water levels. The control of the turbine via the cover of the guide vanes, so that the wheel is only partly loaded.

History

The turbine described was invented in 1837 by Carl Anton Henschel, which was denied on the construction in Hesse him a patent. The first plant was opened in 1841 employed in a stone cutting wood in Minden. Another same turbine built Henschel 1841 for a stone processing plant in Brunswick. The installed system there was recreated by Nicolas J. Jonval French and patented in France. The turbine is therefore usually referred to by the French as Jonval turbine in Germany but also the name of Henschel Jonval turbine is distributed, which is called the actual inventor of the design.

Jonval turbines played an important role in the industrialization in places where water power could use. They faced water wheels a significantly greater power available, the mechanical energy transmissions and the like was used to directly drive the machine.

Applications

Examples of applications of Jonval turbine:

Usine des Forces de la Motrices Coulouvrenière, Geneva

The 1886 finished in Geneva, " power plant " produced no electricity, but water fed into a pipeline system with 13.7 bar working pressure. This pressurized water mains provided the mechanical energy to the industrial and craft enterprises, which could be found by means of submersible motors and Faesch - Piccard - turbine power pressure water system again and use it to power transmissions and generators. Each of the 18 turbines installed Jonval operation using two piston pumps. The plant with installed capacity of 6000 hp at that time was one of the largest in Europe. The energy is not needed in the system was drained via the Jet d' eau.

Fairmount Water Works, Philadelphia

The waterworks in Philadelphia took advantage of three Jonval turbines to drive the six piston pumps, which filled the reservoir one of the oldest urban water supplies in North America with water from the Schuylkill River.

Power plant Hoengg, Zurich

Over one hundred years Jonval turbine is located in the Zurich river plant Hoengg. The power plant serves partly as a museum and its historic turbines ( also a Francis turbine) can be set for demonstration purposes in operation.

Power plant Mühleplatz, Lucerne

1889 were taken in Lucerne in operating three Jonval turbines which powered the transmissions of a commercial building at the mill place. 1926, the transmissions were shut down and used the turbines to drive a generator. The plant was in operation until 1977.

Waterworks on Hochablaß, Augsburg

From 1878 to 1910 three Jonval turbines were used to drive three piston pump for water supply in the Augsburg city. Was built the plant at high drain, modernized in 1910 with Francis and Kaplan turbines. After further modernization it was until 2007 as a water plant in operation and has since then served as a hydroelectric power plant. Jonval turbines were with the beginning of industrialization in many Augsburg industrial factories. Later, these were replaced and superseded by other energy generations.

Elektricitäts works Reichenhall

From 15 May 1890, the Reichenhaller wood pulp producer Konrad Fischer operated the water-powered Elektricitäts works Reichenhall. The water from the Kirchberger Mühlbach drove a Jonval turbine with a diameter of 3 meters, the turbine plant was the engineering eG Land Munich installed. About a countershaft with two conical wheels and a belt drive the turbine transferred the water power at 600 min-1 to an alternator of the company Oerlikon in Zurich, who developed 2000 volts and a maximum of 30 amps. At the time of commissioning the work was able to supply 1200 light bulbs in Reichenhall, Karlstejn and Kirchberg.