Jordanita chloros
Jordanita chloros is a butterfly of the family of burnet ( Zygaenidae ). The specific epithet χλωρός comes from the Greek and means " light green ".
- 4.1 Notes and references
- 4.2 Literature
Features
The moths reach a forewing length 7.8 to 12.8 mm in males and from 7.6 to 11.5 mm in females. The species is extremely variable. Head, thorax, and the proximal part of the legs shimmering blue. The blue varies from a bright light blue on greenish blue to a bluish tinted green shimmer. The abdomen is blackish gray and shiny or dull. The forehead ( frons ) is almost twice as wide as the compound eyes. The antennae are black and gleam in particular at the base sometimes blue. The probe shaft is slender at the base, he thickened distally and is pressed dorsolateral. The meshing is long, distally shorter, but still well trained. The sensor end pointed and consist of 35 to 41 segments. The front upper wing surface shimmers green, brown green, bronze green or greenish-brown at the base and is often blue. The hindwing is blackish gray and slightly translucent. The underwings are dark gray.
The Vinculum has a long, heavily sclerotized and distally rounded Saccusplatte. The aedeagus is broader at the base than at the top. He is about six times longer than wide, with dorsolateral to the everted bladder a spiked area. A small area with tiny triangular needles is distally located. The 8th Abdominalsternit is triangular or trapezoidal and reaches the rear edge of the segment.
In females, the ostium is circular and surrounded by a characteristic ring-like bulge that is clearly visible when the scales are brushed off at the end of the abdomen. The antrum is thickened at the base and more sclerotized proximally. It is strongly serrated, distally narrow and translucent. The ductus bursae is slim, translucent and highly kinked and tortuous. The corpus bursae is spherical to ovoid, the inside is completely covered with strong and highly visible triangular needles.
The egg is pale greenish yellow.
The caterpillar has a black head, which is blackish brown Prothorakalsegment and has a white side line of the back. The crawler body is ocher and belly slightly lighter. The pages are purplish brown, the back line is brown. The warts are also purple brown with Austrian, Italian and French populations. For copies of the Crimean peninsula, the warts dorsally yellow, pink laterally and ventrally are gray.
The pupa is brown and discolored before hatching of the moth to black green. The cocoon is whitish and covered with litter.
Variability and subspecies
Within the species, there is considerable variability, with the result that some subspecies have been described.
In the subspecies Jordanita chloros chloros ( Hübner, 1830) shimmer thorax and occasionally the base of the forewing blue. The fore wings shining green.
In the subspecies Jordanita chloros hades ( Alberti, 1970) shines the forewing upper side brownish green, bronze green or green -brown. The thorax shimmers sometimes slightly blue.
In the subspecies J. c. huegeri ( Alberti, 1973 ), the front wing upper surface, a very strong greenish brown tinge.
The native to the south and in the middle of Turkey populations are very different from the Nominatunterart. Populations from the center of Turkey are very small, have narrow wings and a very bright green color. The thorax lacks the bluish shimmer almost complete and the hind wings are translucent. Populations from eastern Turkey are larger than those from the middle of Turkey and similarly colored. They have powerful black sensor and the chest shimmers slightly more bluish. The differences in habit and in the genital morphology between Jordanita chloronata and J. chloros as great as between the populations of J. chloros in the central and eastern parts of Turkey and the Nominatunterart. It is therefore possible that the former type is simply a beiheimatete in southern Turkey subspecies of J. chloros. To clarify this, but further investigations are necessary.
Dissemination
The distribution area of Jordanita chloros ranges from the south of France, Italy and Switzerland to the southeast across southern, central and eastern Europe to the Caucasus, Turkey, northern Syria and northern Iraq, and in the east of Kazakhstan and to the south Siberia. Be colonized dry hilly grasslands and steppe habitats.
The Nominatunterart J. c. chloros is native to Europe, except the Balkan Peninsula. J. c. hades is found in Macedonia, Bulgaria and Greece. J. c. haegeri inhabited the Caucasus.
Biology
The females lay eggs singly or as short rows, it appears that the eggs do not touch each other. The caterpillars of the subspecies J. c. chloros develop in southeastern France on the rispigen knapweed (Centaurea paniculata) in Germany on the panicles Knapweed (Centaurea stoebe ) and in southeastern Switzerland and northern Italy to Centaurea maculosa. In Austria and Hungary, the caterpillars live on the Marsh knapweed (Centaurea scabiosa ) on the meadow knapweed (Centaurea jacea ) and at the non-ferrous knapweed (Centaurea triumfettii ). In Ukraine, the caterpillars have been observed in various species such as ring thistle Carduus uncinutus, Carduus arabicus, Carduus Salonitana and Jurinea sordida. The subspecies J. c. hades lives in Greece Staehelenia uniflosculosa. The caterpillars pupate in a whitish cocoon on the ground. Compared with other types of flies Jordanita J. chloros very late in the year. The flight begins in mid-June (Greece, southwest Turkey, Crimea ) and extends into August ( south-east of Switzerland, Northern Italy, Austria ).