José Mármol

Jose Marmol, origin. José Pedro Crisólogo Marmol, ( born December 2, 1817 in Buenos Aires; † August 9, 1871 ) was an Argentine writer who wrote one of the most important works of the Romantic Latin America with the novel Amalia. He held political office and head of the Argentine National Library.

Life

1839, during his uncompleted law school in Buenos Aires Marmol was arrested as an enemy of the ruling dictatorship in Argentina by the police of the dictator Juan Manuel de Rosas for 23 days. On the wall of the cell, he wrote his first verses. Another arrest, he escaped and a half years later by fleeing by boat to Montevideo. There is already more writers, such as Juan Bautista Alberdi, Florencio Varela and Esteban Echeverría lived in exile. As well as this town of Rosas ' regime, was with the help of his ally Manuel Oribe, besieged, Marmol fled to Rio de Janeiro, from where he planned to travel to Chile in 1843.

However, the ship had to turn back due to a storm, and Marmol spent two more years in Rio. In Brazil, he participated in campaigns against Rosas regime and has written articles for magazines such as ¡ Muera pink!, El Talismán and La Nacional. This provided him with the Argentine emigrants a certain reputation as a poet. Furthermore, he was, like his friend of Esteban Echeverría writer, member of the forbidden secret society Asociación de May From 1845-1852 lived Marmol again in Montevideo. During his stay in Uruguay, he founded three newspapers, including the political and literary subjects treated La Semana, and also wrote articles for other newspapers.

As the Rosas regime was overthrown in 1852 by General Justo José de Urquiza, Marmol returned, after more than a decade of exile to Argentina. In 1854, he began his political career as a senator. Later he occupied the position of a deputy and joined in 1858 the post of head of the Argentine National Library, the Biblioteca Nacional de la República, at. In addition to working as an ambassador, he worked in 1864 as minister plenipotentiary in Brazil.

In his last two years of life Marmol completely blind. When his literary models can the French Romantic Victor Hugo and the Spaniard José Zorrilla y Moral name.

Selected Works

Amalia

Marmols only novel is also referred to as the first Argentine novel. The first part appeared in 1851 as a serial novel in the newspaper La Semana; In 1855 the entire work is divided into two volumes with a total of 77 chapters. According to other sources, the novel was first published in 1844. The first German translation was published in 1873. Amalia portrayed as a historical novel about the Rosas dictatorship, the currently prevailing in Buenos Aires conditions. The political and social history embedded Marmol into a love story.

The protagonist Amalia lives protected and shielded from the turmoil of the environment in an aristocratic neighborhood in Buenos Aires. One night, engaged in a battle near her house. A group of opponents Rosas ' wants to leave the country, but is betrayed. The Mazorca, Rosas ' spreading terror police, the escape attempt hit bloodily. Daniel, Amalia's cousin, brings his seriously injured friend Eduardo Belgrano in the house Amalia, which thus becomes the ally and opponent of tyranny. While she maintains Eduardo, develop romantic feelings for each other are. However, this can not pursue because Eduardo is tracked in the night before her wedding by the Mazorca. It is an unequal battle in which Amalia is rescued, but Eduardo dies.

The book provides a picture of the Buenos Aires middle of the 19th century. It appears both real political and social persons under other names and fictitious persons. The cruel deeds of Mazorca, some of which are described exaggerated bloody, the attempts of political opponents are compared against the dictator - a connection to the author - the self ' in his works defied Rosas and the exile was looking for. In this work, the use of French vocabulary falls on, indicating that the European influence in the Latin American romance. Furthermore, its structure is very heterogeneous, there are sonnets, letters, rallies and political arrangements in the novel again, that can stand on their own and document the existing conditions. The work was extremely successful in the former Latin America.

Cantos del peregrino

The very romantic -held lyrical- epic fragment ( German: "Pilgrim Songs" ) is considered the first major and most important poetic work Marmols. It was built on a voyage 1844. As a model you can Childe Harold's Pilgrimage here View by Lord Byron. As this work is also Cantos del peregrino originated from personal experience. It resembles a travel diary, formally divided into 12 units. However, they have up to the protagonist, the pilgrims Carlos, no substantive similarities. This is, to equate on the basis of his experiences to the author. Thus, an autobiographical content found in this work again. The work also includes a versatile strophic, as well as a varied treatment of topics. On the one hand the nature of America is highly praised and sung a hymn, and on the other hand philosophizes about its history and future. The next moment the protagonist makes a leap and remembers back to his first love. The pilgrim would banished freedom for his country and feels. These feelings can be found in all parts of the work and thus keep it together. Marmol then connects politics and love in a works basis.

Armonias

1851 in Montevideo, a collection of poems against Rosas was published bearing the paradoxical title Armonias (to German: harmonies ). In this collection of poems Marmol against Rosas is going on and condemned him and his tyranny. Due to the topicality of the subject, the poems at that time have been successful.

Works

• Amalia (1844 ). (Oxford University Press 2001 ( English), ISBN 978-0-19-512277-0 )
• El peregrino (1847 )
• El poeta (1847 )
• Armonias ( 1851)
• El cruzado ( 1851)