Josef August Schultes

Joseph August Schultes ( born April 15, 1773 in Vienna, † April 21, 1831 in Landshut ) was an Austrian physician, botanist, naturalist and travel writer. Its official botanical author abbreviation is " Schult. ".

He was royal Bavarian court councilor, first director of the surgical school, Landshut, and namesake of the stones Schulte am Koenigssee.

Schultes son, Julius Hermann Schultes (1804-1840), was also a botanist.

Life

Schultes was a professor in Vienna, Krakow and Innsbruck. From 1809 Schultes taught as a professor of natural history and botany at the University of Landshut. When King Ludwig I. in 1826, the university took to Munich, Schultes stayed on as director of the Surgical school, Landshut. In addition to his scientific work, he wrote detailed trip reports.

Schultes was a member

  • The Imperial Academy at Turin,
  • The Royal Academy in Sweden,
  • Of the Royal Society of Sciences in Göttingen,
  • Wetterau'schen the Company for the entire natural history,
  • The Society for the promotion of the whole science in Marburg,
  • The botanical societies to Regensburg and Altenburg,
  • The Grand Ducal Mineralogical Societät to Jena,
  • Zurich and Geneva nature-searching society,
  • Erlanger cameralistic -economic Societät,
  • Société pour l' enseignement to Paris,
  • The medical Kunstverein,
  • Of the pharmaceutical association in Bavaria,
  • The Württemberg Agricultural Association

And several other domestic and foreign companies.

Along with Johann Jacob Romans he published the 16th edition of " Caroli a Linné systema vegetabilium " ( 1817-1830 ). The plant genus Schultesia Mart. was named after him.

Schultes employed at the end of the 18th century, among others, the properties of oxygen and the calculation of the breathing air consumption of the people. In 1792 he invented an open diver's helmet with separate supply of compressed oxygen and was convinced that " this thing can go into the Great". Schultes himself could the device due to various technical difficulties in Vienna itself does not build, and also with his friends abroad, to which he entrusted the idea that he was no help.

Some years later, two almost identical diving equipment have been published in England and France, which have emerged from the conviction of Schultes according to his ideas. For Schultes, who lived now in Landshut, began a struggle for the privilege on his invention, which lasted until his death.

Today Joseph August Schultes has to be seen, of becoming the first had not only already in 1792, the idea of ​​using in compressed air cylinders, compressed air to supply divers, diving bells and submarines, but also with his proposal as a major in sciences and technology, pure oxygen for diving to use, many other inventors was ahead.

Works

  • Flora of Austria. In 1794.
  • Travel through Upper Austria in the years 1794, 1795, 1802, 1803, 1804 and 1808. 1809.
  • Trips to the snow mountain. 1802.
  • Observationes Botanicae ...., 1809.
  • Flora of Bavaria. 1811.
  • Outline of a history and literature of botany. In 1817.
  • Mantissa ... systematis vegetabilium Caroli a Linné .... 1822-1824 (Vol. 1-2).
  • Together with his son Julius Hermann Schultes: Mantissa ... systematis vegetabilium Caroli a Linné .... 1827 (Vol. 3).

Swell

  • Robert Zander, Fritz Encke, Günther Buchheim, Siegmund Seybold (eds.): Handbook of Plant Names. 13th edition. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1984, ISBN 3-8001-5042-5.
Ludwig I of Bavaria Constantin von Wurzbach Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie Neue Deutsche Biographie International Plant Names Index Integrated Authority File
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