Josef Breuer

Josef Breuer ( born January 15, 1842 in Vienna, † June 25, 1925 in Vienna ) was a Viennese physician, physiologist and philosopher. In addition to Sigmund Freud, he is considered a co-founder of psychoanalysis.

Life

Josef Breuer grew up as the elder of two sons of a religious teacher of the Jewish community, Leopold Breuer, and his wife Bertha nee Semler in Vienna. After school and university in the hometown he received his doctorate with 22 years as a doctor of medicine. In 1868, he married Mathilde Altmann ( 1846-1931 ); from the marriage were born five children.

He completed his habilitation in physiology and conducted research on the sense of balance ( Mach- Breuer - flow theory of endolymph of the inner ear ), the temperature control and breathability ( Hering-Breuer reflex). After the death of his teacher Oppolzer, he settled as a general practitioner. Well-known colleagues from the medical faculty of Vienna and numerous sizes of Viennese society were his patients.

The experiences that Josef Breuer 1880/1881 in the treatment of Bertha Pappenheim (pseudonym: Anna O. ) collected formed the basis for the Sigmund Freud in 1895 brought out together ( previously published " Studies on Hysteria " common: " About the psychical Mechanism of Hysterical phenomena ", 1893). This document ( and the underlying case history ) was described by Freud himself as the root and starting point of psychoanalysis.

In contrast to the alleged publication in the complete cure of the patient continued to suffer from this serious mental disorder and had to undergo several more times residential treatment in the following years.

In a letter to Sigmund Freud, Josef Breuer suggested, based on the classic play " Oedipus the King ", which was described by Friedrich Schiller as " tragic Analysis" to call the method developed "psychoanalysis", because they would both yes - as Oedipus the enigmatic plague in Thebes fought by finding and telling the truth - the " hysterical " symptoms of their origin in a traumatic event in the past life history of their patients lead back / inside.

Writings

  • Two cases of hydrophobia. In: Vienna Medical Wochenschrift 18 (1868 ). Sp 178f, 210-213.
  • The behavior of the specific heat in diseases. In: Vienna Medical Wochenschrift 18 (1868 ). Sp 982-985, 998-1002.
  • The self- control of respiration by the vagus nerve. In: Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences Vienna, math. - Naturw. Terminal 58 /2 ( 1868), pp. 909-937.
  • Comments on Senator's "Contributions to the theory of the specific heat and the fever ." In: Arch Anat path., Berlin 46 (1969 ), pp. 391 f
  • About semicircular canals of the labyrinth. In: General. Vienna. med Ztg 18 (1873 ), pp. 598, 606
  • About the function of the semicircular canals of the ear labyrinth. In: Med. Jb, Vienna 1874, pp. 72-124.
  • On the Doctrine of the static sense ( vestibular system ). Preliminary communication of. In: Num. Ges doctors, Vienna 1873. No. 9 (December 17, 1873), pp. 31-33.
  • Contributions to the theory of the static sense ( vestibular system, vestibular apparatus of the ear labyrinth ). Second Wed healing. In: Med. Jb, Vienna 1875, pp. 87-156.
  • New tests on the ear semicircular canals. In: Arch Physiol. 44 (1889 ), pp. 135-152.
  • About the function of the otolith apparatus. In: Arch Physiol. 48 (1891 ), pp. 195-306.
  • About Brommastitis. In: Vienna. med Press 35 (1894 ), Sp 1028.
  • About archways and sense of space. In: Arch Physiol. 68 (1897 ), pp. 596-648.
  • The crisis of Darwinism and teleology. Lecture, held on May 2, 1902 in: . Lectures and meetings. (1902 ), pp. 43-64. Reprint of 1902 edition diskord, Tübingen 1986.
  • About galvanotropism in fish. In: Zbl. Physiol., Wien 16 (1902 ), pp. 481-483.
  • Studies of the vestibular apparatus. In: Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences Vienna, math. - Naturw. Kl 112/3 (1903 ), pp. 315-394.
  • About the galvanotropism ( galvanotaxis ) in fish. In: Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences Vienna, math. - Naturw. Kl 114/3 (1905 ), pp. 27-56.
  • About the hearing organ of birds. In: Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences Vienna, math. - Naturw. Kl 116/3 (1907 ), pp. 249-292.
  • Remarks on Dr. H. Abels treatise " about after-sensations in the areas of static and kinesthetic sense ." In: Zschr. Psychol Physiol. Sinnesorg. 45 (1907 ), 1st Dept., pp. 78-84.
  • About Ewald 's experiment with the pneumatic hammer ( arcade machine ). In: Zschr. Sinnesphysiol. 42 (1908 ), pp. 373-378.
  • Curriculum vitae. In: Dr. Josef Breuer 1842-1925. Vienna, undated. Pp. 9-24.
  • A telepathic document. In: Umschau 28 ( 1924). S. 215 f
  • Josef Breuer / Rudolf Chrobak: On the Doctrine of wound-fever. Experimental study. In: Medical Jb, Vienna 22/4 (1867 ). Pp. 3-12.
  • Josef Breuer / Sigmund Freud: On the Psychical Mechanism of Hysterical Phenomena. Preliminary communication of. In: Neurol. Zbl. 12 (1893 ), pp. 4-10, 43-47; at the same time in Vienna. med sheets 16 (1893 ), pp. 33-35, 49-51.
  • Sigmund Freud / Josef Breuer: Studies on Hysteria. . Franz Deuticke, Leipzig Vienna 1895 reprint: 6th edition. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main, 1991. ISBN 3-596-10446-7
  • Josef Breuer / Alois Kreidl: About the apparent rotation of the visual field during the action of a centrifugal force. In: Arch Physiol. 70 (1898 ), pp. 494-510.
  • Marie von Ebner- Eschenbach / Josef Breuer: An exchange of letters. From 1889 to 1916. Bergland- Verlag, Wien 1969
Hering–Breuer reflex Galvanotaxis#Galvanotaxis .2F electrotaxis Neue Deutsche Biographie Irvin D. Yalom Integrated Authority File
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