Josef Jungmann

Josef Jungmann (* July 16, 1773 in Hudlice near Beroun, † November 14, 1847 in Prague) was a Bohemian philologist and a leading figure of the Czech National Revival during the 19th century.

Life

Jungmann was the sixth child of a shoemaker and was originally intended to become a priest. After a school visit on Piaristengymnasium in Beroun and at the Old Town School in Prague (1788-1792) he studied philosophy and law, from 1799 he was a teacher at the high school Litomerice ( Litoměřice ). In 1815 he moved to Prague, 1817, he received his PhD in Doctor of Philosophy, until around 1827 at the Old Town School teacher of Czech language and translated from the English, French and German in the Czech language. He received a teaching position at the Charles University, became a professor in 1827 and 1838, Dean of the Faculty of Arts and in 1840 rector of the university -

Work

Jungmann was a consistent advocate the renewal of written Czech, unlike, say, his teacher Josef Dobrovský he wrote his most publications in Czech. In 1805 he published his translation of " Atala " by François -René de Chateaubriand, with which he wanted to prove that the Czech language is also suitable for the reproduction of challenging artistic texts. This was followed by translations of Johann Wolfgang Goethe, Friedrich Schiller and John Milton.

In the following years he published a series of polemical texts, of which the " talks about the Czech language " are the best known, and stood up for a new Czech prosody and proposed by Josef Dobrovský orthography. 1820 appeared the " slovesnost ", a kind of stylistic textbook, in 1825 a Czech literary history.

His most important work is the five-volume Czech- German dictionary ( 1834-39 ), in which he laid the foundations for the modern Czech vocabulary. There he not only collected plenty of evidence to define words which in writers from the Old Czech time before 1500 AD. occurred prior to the beginning of the 19th century, but also operated a systematic expansion of vocabulary, both through loans from other Slavic languages ​​, as evidenced by the formation based on a word-formation process.

Honors

The Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences took young man as a member and 1839 confirmed the Austro- Imperial Leopold- Orden his merits as a scientist. After Josef Jungmann Jungmann Square ( náměstí Jungmannovo ) is named in the New Town. 1878 there is a bronze statue of him was erected. On 6 August 2003, an asteroid was named after him: ( 40441 ) Jungmann.

Member

Josef Jungmann was the brother of Anton Johann (since 1850) Ritter of young man, born May 19, 1775 in Hudlitz ( Hudlice ), District Rakonitz ( Rakovnik ) in Bohemia, † April 10, 1854 in Prague, Doctor of Medicine, Master of Midwifery, gynecologist, 1839 Rector of the Charles University in Prague.

Works

• Krok
• Nepředsudečné mínění o české prozódii, 1804
• O jazyku Českém, 1806
• O klasičnosti literatury a důležitosti její
• Oldrich a Bozena, 1806
• Rozmlouvání o jazyku Českém
• Anti bohemia, 1814
• Slovesnost aneb Sbírka příkladů s krátkým pojednáním o slohu, 1820
• Slovo ke statečnému a blahovzdělanému Bohemariusovi, 1814
• History literatury české aneb Soustavný přehled spisů českých, s krátkou historii Narodu, osvícení a jazyka, 1825
• Slovník Cesko německý, 1834-39 (5 dílů ), composed by Jakub Josef Dominik Maly
• Zápisky, 1871