Josef Kalousek

Josef Kalousek ( born April 2, 1838 in Vamberk, † November 22, 1915 in Prague) was a Czech historian.

Life

Kalousek came from a poor peasant family and was able to resume his studies until later. After elementary school he started an apprenticeship as a weaver in Vamberg and graduated from the 1853-59 Oberrealschule Prague. From 1859 to 1861 he studied at the Prague Polytechnic Institute and graduated in 1862 Matura, after which he went to the Technical University of Vienna. There he won a prize for the best stylistic work in which he dealt with Georg von Podiebrad.

On his return to Prague, he began the study of philosophy, linguistics, journalism, Slavic philology and especially the history under Professor Anton Gindely. During his studies, he translated for various newspapers Prague. In Prague, he lived in the family of František Ladislav Rieger and learned even know František Palacký, whose granddaughter he taught.

After graduating, he devoted himself to scientific work immediately, but had to earn additional money as a lecturer and journalist. In 1868 he received his doctorate in philosophy.

His interest in Czech history and the conclusions he drew from it, led him in 1880 in the State Assembly, where he represented the party of Altböhmen ( Staročeši ). 1882 he was appointed extraordinary and 1885 as full professor of Czech history at the Charles University in Prague, which he left in 1908.

1887 Kalousek received full membership in the Academy of Sciences, whose secretary he had been since 1883 and remained until 1890.

Works

He became one of the leading historians in the Czech Republic, wrote the first memoir about František Palacký and continued its work. He was part of the team for several historical collections and edited for various magazines. Greatest influence had on him, the Czech national movement in mid -19th century. He became a member of the editorial team of the party newspaper of the Altböhmen The nation ( narod ), in which he published articles against centralism and dualism.

He was involved in some polemics about the older Czech history. In the debate about the authenticity of the Queen Hofer and Green Berger handwriting he stood at the side of the proponents of their authenticity, as Václav Vladivoj Tomek, Josef Emler or Martin Hattala. The style of his work is influenced by the teachings of Gindely and Tomek and they deal mostly with the Hussite period and the era of the Battle of White Mountain.

From the Western philosophers he already employed in his studies with the ideas of Immanuel Kant on the knowledge of God. He grappled with views Johann Friedrich Herbart, the utilitarianism of John Stuart Mill and the positivism of Henry Thomas Buckle. Towards the end of his life, he advocated the doctrine of Catholicism by Bernard Bolzano.

1871, when the Czech scholars believed in a constitutional settlement with Vienna, he published his greatest work Czech constitutional law ( České státní právo, 1871). In this work, he points out that Bohemia has always been an independent, internationally recognized state formation and never a real Lehn of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. He became a successful defender and champion of Czech constitutional law and stood against claims German historian.

Throughout his life, he expressed the view that historical sciences are the teacher of life, based on the experience of generations. Based on historical analogies, compared with the current situation, can be loud Kalousek certain developments in science and society predict. As for the history of the Czech Republic, he represented the views of Palacky on the steady encounter of the Slavs and the Germans.

Bibliography in German language

  • Some basics of the Czech state law. Prague in 1871.
  • The treatment of the history Přemysl Otakar II in Professor O. Lorenz ' German history in the 13th and 14th centuries. Prague 1874.
  • History of the Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences, together with a critical overview of their art publications from the fields of philosophy, history and philology, on the occasion of the centennial jubilee celebration of the company in 1884 written in their behalf by Josef Kalousek. Prague: Czech Royal Decree of Wiss, 1884..

Bibliography in Czech

  • České státní právo (1871 )
  • Nastin životopisu Františka Palacký (1876 )
  • Charles IV, Otec vlasti (1878 )
  • Déjé Královské České společnosti nauk (1885 )
  • Tři historické mapy k dějinám českým (1885 )
  • Výklad k historické mapě Čech ( 1894)
  • O vůdčích myšlenkách v historickém Díle Františka Palacký (1896 )
  • Obrana knížete Václava Svatého proti smyšlenkám a křivým úsudkům o jeho povaze (1901 )
  • O potřebě prohloubiti Vedomosti o Husovi a jeho Dobe (1915 )

Journal articles

  • O historii výtvarného umění v Čechách (1877 )
  • O zřízení a původu obce velkoruské (1880 )
  • O historii kalicha v Dobach předhusitských, Výroční školní zpráva nižšího reálného gymnasia v Praze III, 1881
  • Jan of Jenštejna - archiepiscopus Pragensis (1882 )
  • History a materialism (1883 )
  • O staročeském Právě dědickém a královském Právě odúmrtním na statcích svobodných v Čechách iv in Moravia (1894 )
  • Řády Selské a instrukce Hospodářské, Český Archives, vol. 5

Biography

  • Josef Pekař: Josef Kalousek. Czech historical magazine 22/1916
  • Otakar Yozek: Život a Dílo Josefa Kalouska. Prague 1922
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