Josef Maria Eder
Josef Maria Eder ( born March 16, 1855 in Krems an der Donau, † October 18, 1944 in Kitzbühel ) was an Austrian photo chemist who achieved world fame with its research activities around the scientific application of photography. He was the ideological founder of the Viennese " k k Training and Research Institute of Photography and reproduction method ", which he headed for more than three decades. About his scientific work, he has written numerous articles for periodicals, books and catalogs that give a vivid picture of the early days of photography.
Work and works
Josef Maria Eder studied from 1871 to 1875 at the kk Institute of Technology and at the k.k. Vienna University of chemistry, physics and mathematics, and has taught in 1878 as a professor of chemistry at the State secondary school in Opava. He habilitated in 1880 at the k.k. Technical College of photochemistry. In 1881 he collaborated with the photo technician Giuseppe Pizzighelli. In 1882 he was professor of chemistry and physics at the Imperial State Trade School in Anna in Vienna and from 1892 to 1925 as a professor in the erected for him chair of Photochemistry and scientific photography at the Technical University of Vienna.
He was a member of the Photographic Society. In 1885 he presented his idea of photographic education institution. This led in 1888 to the founding of the Imperial College and Research Institute for Photography and reproduction processes in Vienna. With the organization and management of Eder was commissioned, which he held until 1922. While the effect of time -dron this teaching institution served both teaching and research. With the support of the Photographic Society, equipment and supplies for research purposes were acquired, including a solar camera of Jacob Wothly. 1887 first appeared Eder's " Yearbook of Photography and Reproduction Technology", where he recorded all the technical developments of photography. For this publication Eder was soon newsroom and he got a lot of information on significant technical innovations for publication sent. Eder made many contacts and correspondence, among other many years with Étienne -Jules Marey. Eder was also from 1901 to 1924 President of the Photographic Society.
Eder was also a member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in Vienna, the Imperial Patent Office, the Advisory Board of the Royal Court and State Printing Office in Vienna, the Art Council at the Imperial Ministry of Education, the State Examination Commission at the kk Technical University of Vienna and President of the College of Experts in matters of copyright in the field of photography.
His " detailed manual of Photography", appeared in numerous volumes and many editions, is today one of the most important reference books.
Summary of accomplishments
Eder was a passionate, hands-on research. His extensive network allowed him to participate in new discoveries and developments, these continue to explore and refine.
Already during his studies was his attention to the chemical basics of photography. With his brother, the amateur photographer Viktor Tóth he invented, among other things, 1875, the lead gain, later the staining methods with Ferrizyaniden and discovered in 1880 as a developer for the catechol Bromsilbergelatine. Eder and Tóth published numerous reports in relevant journals over the discoveries of their trials.
To 1879, he then developed in teamwork with the photo technician Giuseppe Pizzighelli the process with chloride of silver gelatin. Immediately thereafter, Eder worked out the procedure with Chlorbromsilbergelatine. These two methods were the foundation stones for the construction of a large-scale industry in the manufacture of artificial light papers and Cinema positive films.
In a series of experiments in 1896 succeeded Eder and his colleague and father Eduard Valenta, to improve the effect of the newly discovered X-rays on light- sensitive substances drastically within a few days. The resulting photographs now stored in the collection of the Viennese for Graphics Federal Education and Research Institute, which was created from the former Imperial College and Research Institute. A selection of these scientific photogravure was presented in 2009 as part of a special exhibition at the Albertina on " Photography and the Invisible ."
Awards and honors (selected)
Works
He has published over 650 publications. The History of Photography was in the years 1881 to 1932, is placed in four editions, which have been extended every time.
- The photographic camera and the moment appliances, reprint of the work from 1892, Edited by: Klaus -D. Müller, Lindemann Verlag 2007, ISBN 3895062723