Josef Velenovský

Josef Velenovský ( born April 22, 1858 in Čekanice; † May 7, 1949 in Mnichovice ) was a Czech botanist and philosopher. He was from 1892 to 1927 professor of botany at the Charles University in Prague. Its official botanical author abbreviation is " Velen. ' As a philosopher, he represented a occultist, spiritualist, anti-Semitic and anti-Bolshevik conception.

Life

Velenovský grew up in a large family. He studied from 1878 to 1883 at the Charles University in Prague Botany (with Ladislav Josef Čelakovský and Heinrich Moritz Will Come ) and philosophy. In 1879 he was appointed Antonín Fric to the wizard for paleobotany at the Museum of the Kingdom of Bohemia. After completing his studies he worked as an assistant to Čelakovský at the Botanical Institute of the Charles University. In 1885 he habilitated at the Charles University. In 1892 Velenovský was appointed associate professor of botany at the Charles University. From 1898 to 1927 he held the local Department of Botany as a full professor. He was also director of the botanical garden. Velenovský to 1914 was also Chairman of the Czech Botanical Society.

He was the uncle of the painter and photographer Josef Velenovský ( 1887-1967 ).

Work

Botany

Velenovský devoted himself since his student days, first the Phytopaläontologie and in particular the flora of the Cretaceous period in Bohemia. In the mid-1880s the flora of the Balkan Peninsula to his new field of research was. To this end he undertook in the years 1887, 1889 ( with Karel Vandas ), 1893 ( with Hermenegild Škorpil and Václav Stříbrný ), 1896 and 1897, five research trips to Bulgaria. In addition, 16 people were on his behalf as a plant collector in Bulgaria go. The results of his research published in 1891 in the two-volume "Flora Bulgarica ". This page, including the Supplement band from 1898, 2877 species, including 158 described new.

According to his research in Bulgaria, Velenovský focused on Bryology. Especially in the area of Prague, he collected mosses and described in 1896 in his work Mechy české about 500 species occurring in Bohemia. His next research focus was the liverworts in Bohemia, his findings he published in the years 1901-1903 in the three -volume work Játrovky české. This work sparked in the art criticism, since Velenovský is exclusively brought his research and refused the admission of evidence of other Bryologen. It was also criticized that Velenovský had it laid emphasis on the morphology and anatomical study methods faced hostile. International learned Velenovskýs bryological works only little attention as they are published only in Czech language.

At the beginning of the 20th century was devoted Velenovský of plant morphology. 1905-1907 he published his three-volume work Srovnávací rostlin morphology, which appeared at the same time under the title Comparative morphology of plants in German language. In the descriptions, elements of ideology Velenovskýs mystizistische flowed, anatomical and microscopic examination methods he leaned Strongly object.

At the same time Velenovský dealt with the mycology. Between 1920 and 1922, mainly with stand mushrooms busy border and published by the Czech Botanical Society plant České houby appeared in five volumes. In 1934 he published in Latin with German Preface self-published his two-volume Monographia Discomycetum Bohemiae about the Ascomycota in Bohemia. In his extensive 2000 pages mycological works Velenovský described 2727 new species of fungi are of the 190 today as a separate species.

Philosopher

In addition to his extensive botanical work Velenovský published self-published several philosophical and other writings. 1920 and 1922 appeared in two volumes his Přírodní filosofie. In 1930 he published short stories under the title obrazky. His philosophical and socio- political work Poslední moudrost čili nauka o kosmickém duchovnu appeared in 1935 and two years later as a German -language edition under the title The ultimate wisdom or the doctrine of the spiritual cosmos.

Basic building blocks of his philosophical views form of matter, mind and etheric ( spiritual cosmos ). In principle Velenovský agreed to the Darwinian theory of evolution. However, he was of the view that the diversity of plants and animals and their complex relationships could not simply be due to natural selection, but under the influence of a spiritual creative energy. In his book he described Poslední moudrost 23 guiding principles for the evolution of plants and animals. Velenovský also believed in reincarnation, and communication with the spirit of the deceased.

Communism was Velenovský hostile towards. In Přírodní filosofie II in 1922, he represented the view that the Communists should be spent on a deserted island, where they could live according to their laws and the healed could be returned to civilization after ten years.

In his works Přírodní filosofie, Literární study and obrazky brought Velenovský also his deep anti-Semitism clearly expressed. In Poslední moudrost čili Nauka o kosmickém duchovnu he presented " the Jewish world domination as a symptom of a seriously ill man " is and came to the conclusion that " the white race by degeneration and the Jewish plague is doomed ." As the future of human civilization he saw why the Chinese and Japanese.

In Literární study he presented in 1932 the October Revolution as a work of Jews dar. He saw only the Christian charity as the foundation of a democratic nation and not the "Jew Marx and the syphilitic Asians Lenin " ( necht jest Narod demokratickým na základě křesťanské lásky k bližnímu a nikoliv na základě zida Marxe a syfilitického Asiata Lenina )

Honors

For his services to the Bulgarian Science Josef Velenovský was honored by the Bulgarian government with the Alexander Medal.

Taxa

After Josef Velenovský several taxa have been named:

  • Notocactus velenovsky, Fric (1891 ); Today the Taxum Notocactus floricomus is used for
  • Trifolium velenovskyi, Vandas ex Velen. (1891 )
  • Tortula velenovskyi, Schiffner (1893 ), 1890 discovered by Velenovský in Prokop ( Prokopské 's Valley ) in Prague
  • Centaurea velenovskyi, Adamović (1894 )
  • Astragalus velenovskyi, Nabelek, (1923 )
  • Russula velenovskyi, Melzer & Zvára (1927 )
  • Naucoria velenovskyi, Pilát (1930 )
  • Galium velenovskyi, Ančev (1975 )
  • Entoloma velenovskyi, Noordel. (1979)
  • Daphne velenovskyi, Halda (1981 )
  • Hilpertia velenovskyi, Schiffner & RHZander (1989 )
  • Cortinarius velenovskyanus, MOENNE - Locc. & Reumaux (1997)
  • Cyanus velenovskyi, Adamović, Wagenitz & Greuter (2003)
  • Mollisia velenovskyi, Gminder (2006)

Publications

  • The flora of the Bohemian Cretaceous, 1882
  • Contributions to the knowledge of the Bulgarian Flora, 1886
  • Atlas rostlinstva per školu a dum, 1887
  • Květena Českého cenomanu, 1889-1890
  • Flora Bulgarica I-II, 1891
  • O biologii a morfologii rodu Monesis, 1892
  • O morfologii rostlin cevnatých tajnosnubných, 1892
  • O Phyllokladiích rodu Danaë, 1892
  • Mechy české, 1897
  • Flora Bulgarica Supplementum I, 1898
  • Játrovky české I-III, 1901-1903
  • Srovnávací morphology rostlin I-III, 1905-1907; German edition Comparative morphology of plants, 1905-1907
  • Přírodní filosofie I, 1920
  • České houby I- V, 1920-1922
  • Přírodní filosofie II, 1922
  • Systematická botanika I-VI, 1922-1926
  • Flora Cretacea Bohemiae I-IV, 1926-1931
  • Obrázky, short stories, 1928
  • Literární study, 1932
  • Monographia Discomycetum Bohemiae I-II, 1934
  • Poslední moudrost čili Nauka o kosmickém duchovnu, 1935; German edition The ultimate wisdom or the doctrine of the spiritual cosmos, Praha 1937
  • Novitates Mycologicae, 1939
  • Novitates mycologicae novissimae. Opera Botanica Čechica 4, 1947
Heinrich Moritz Willkomm Bryophyte International Plant Names Index Integrated Authority File
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