Joseph Dalton Hooker

Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker (* June 30, 1817 in Halesworth, Suffolk, † December 10, 1911 in Sunningdale, Berkshire ) was an English botanist. Its official botanical author abbreviation is " Hook.f. ".

Life and work

Joseph Dalton Hooker was the second son of William Jackson Hooker and his wife Maria Sarah Turner ( 1797-1872 ). He attended together with his older brother William, first the Glasgow High School. 1832 both began to study at the University of Glasgow. In 1839 he received his doctorate there as a doctor of medicine ( MD). From 1839, he toured as a physician and scientist under Captain James Clark Ross for three years, the south polar region and worked on the floras of Antarctica, New Zealand and Tasmania. He was one of the pioneers of the land bridge hypothesis. To explain the proliferation of similar flowering plants in South America and Australia, he accepted that the continents were once connected by a land bridge flooded since. From 1847 to 1851 he traveled to India, Palestine in 1860, 1871 and Morocco in 1877, the United States. He discovered, among other things, the pitcher plant Nepenthes rajah and described the Welwitschia.

From 1865 to 1885 he was director of the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew. In addition, he was a long time editor and staff of the magazines Curtis 's Botanical Magazine ( 1865 to 1904 ) and Hooker's Icones plantarum ( 1867-1890 ).

Hooker learned after completion of the South Pole expedition Charles Darwin know and took over the classification of data collected by Darwin on the Galapagos Islands plants. The two scientists became close friends and Hooker was Darwin since then with advice and practical help. Together with Thomas Huxley, he defended on June 30, 1860 at the University of Oxford during the " Huxley - Wilberforce debate" Darwin's writing The Origin of Species ( On the Origin of Species).

After Hooker's death, the Dean and Chapter of Westminster Abbey his family offered a burial near the grave of Darwin, but demanded that Hooker's body would be cremated it. His widow, Hyacinth refused both, and Hooker was buried according to his wishes alongside his father in the graveyard of St. Anne 's Church, Kew Green, near the Royal Botanic Gardens.

Awards (selection)

Writings (selection )

  • The botany of the Antarctic voyage of H. M. discovery ships Erebus and Terror in the Years 1839-1843 under the command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross. 3 vols, London 1844-1860, (online) Volume 1 Flora Antarctica. Reeve Brothers, London 1844-1847.
  • Volume 2 Flora Novae - zelandiae. Lovell Reeve, London 1851-1853.
  • Volume 3 Flora Tasmaniae. Lovell Reeve, London, 1860.

With Thomas Thomson:

  • Flora Indica: Being a systematic account of the plants of British India, together with observations on the structure and affinities of Their natural orders and genera. W. Pamplin, London 1855, (online).

With George Bentham:

  • Genera plantarum. Ad exemplaria Imprimis in Herbe Riis Kewensibus servata definita. A. Black, London 1862-1883, (online).

Journal articles

  • On the vegetation of the Galapagos Archipelago, as Compared with someother did of tropical islands and of the Continent of America. In: Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. Volume 20, Number 2, December 1847, (1851 ), pp. 235-262, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1846.tb00417.x.
  • Obituary of Edward Forbes. In: The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette. Volume 48, December 2, 1854, pp. 771-772, (online).
  • Botanical Geography. In: The Gardeners' Chronicle and agricultural gazette. Number 12, March 22, 1856, pp. 192-193, (online).
  • Notice of Alphonse de Candolle 's Géographie Botanique Raisonee. In: Hooker's Kew Journal of Botany. Volume 8, 1856, pp. 54-64, pp. 82-88, pp. 112-121, pp. 151-157, pp. 181-191, pp. 214-219, pp. 248-256.
  • [ Review of] On the Origin of Species. In: The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette. December 31, 1859. S. 1052 (online).
  • Outlines of the distribution of Arctic Plants. In: Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. Volume 23, Number 2, December 1861, pp. 251-348, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1860.tb00131.x.
  • Insular Floras. In: The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette. 1867, pp. 6-7, p 27, p 50-51, pp. 75-76. (Reprint In: Biological Journal of the Linnean Society Volume 22, 1984, pp. 55-77, DOI:. 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1984.tb00799.x. )
  • Dr. Hooker's Reply to Prof. Owen. In: Nature. Volume 6, October 24, 1872, pp. 516-517, DOI: 10.1038/006516c0, (online).
England High School of Glasgow Thomas Henry Huxley 1860 Oxford evolution debate Fellow Knight Commander Order of the Star of India Clarke Medal Royal Society of New South Wales Copley Medal Darwin Medal Order of Merit Thomas Thomson (botanist) International Plant Names Index Integrated Authority File
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