Joseph Effner
Joseph Effner ( baptized February 4, 1687 in Dachau, † February 23, 1745 in Munich) was a German architect, landscape architect and decorator.
Genealogy
Joseph Effner came from an old gardener family whose notation was originally opener. He was the ninth of ten children of Christian Opener in Dachau served as head gardener from 1668 Neudeck (Munich - Au) and in 1670, and Mary Catherine, born Gebhard. His grandfather Georg opener, also gardeners, probably came with the Countess Matilda, after this Duke Albrecht VI. of Bavaria (reigned from 1646 to 1650, † 1666) had married, from Pfreimd to Munich because there Georg NC 1625 is assigned as a master gardener for the Duke and Duchess.
In 1721 married Mary Magdalene Effner Nicely, the daughter of a colonel lieutenant. His first son Gaudenzdorfer Effner was later Council in Straubing and salt official in St. Nicola in Passau. The younger son, also called Joseph Effner, was canon and dean in Munich. His daughter Maria Adelheid married the Munich mayor and Chief Justice Michael Adam Bergmann.
His great-grandson was the Royal Court Garden Director Carl Joseph Effner.
Life
First, Joseph Effner was also a gardener. Together with Matthias Diesel, he was first sent beginning April 1706 on behalf and at the expense of his sovereign, Elector Max Emanuel to Brussels, then to Paris. During his stay in Paris, he decided his inclination corresponding to abandon the gardener profession and become an architect. 1706 ( according to other sources 1708) Joseph Effner was retrained as a builder at Boffrand Germain in Paris, the royale d'architecture was teaching at the time the only elite high school of architecture, the Académie as a private student. Since then, he changed his family name in Effner. As of 1715, he was a Bavarian court architect under the Elector Max Emanuel, where he was initially responsible for all buildings of Max Emanuel, together with Enrico Zuccalli. As early as April 1, 1715 after his return from France he led the professional title of " architect ", in contrast to the lower classified builders. With only 28 years old Joseph Effner found modern, imported from France building ideas entrance to the Munich court.
1717 Max Emanuel sent him on a trip to Italy, which led him in ten weeks Venice to Rome and Naples.
1720, he was appointed Oberhof builder. After Zuccalli had died in 1724, he received even more powers. Only after the death of Max Emanuel in 1726 and the inauguration of Karl Albrecht he had to François de Cuvilliés assign the rank and worked only in the administration.
His grave stone is in the choir of the Munich Frauenkirche. The Effnerplatz in Munich and also the Josef- Effner -Gymnasium in Dachau are named after him.
Works
- Reconstruction of the exile residence of Elector Max Emanuel in Saint-Cloud, near Paris (1713 )
- Reconstruction of the castle between Dachau (1715-1717)
- Renovation and modernization of the Schlossberg, on Lake Starnberg ( 1715-1717 ).
- Renovation and modernization of Lichtenberg Castle am Lech ( 1715-1717 ).
- Modernization of the main pavilion and construction of the new addition to the pavilion, the kitchen building and the stables of the castle Fuerstenried, hunting lodge in the south of Munich ( 1715-1717 ).
- Expansion of Park and Nymphenburg Palace ( among others, construction of pagodas Castle ( 1716-1719 ), Baden Castle ( 1718-1721 ) and Magdalenenklause ( 1725-1728 ) ).
- Continued construction of Schleissheim Palace ( 1719-1726 ).
- Shaping the rich Room in the Munich Residenz.
- Palais Preysing in Munich (1723-1729) ( destroyed in the Second World War, 1958-1960 rebuilt ).
- Hofmarkskirche Schönbrunn near Dachau.
- Parish Mering.